2016年 · 第10卷第02期

The first U.S. Surgeon General of Health report on the health effects of smoking was published in 1964^[1]Epidemiology, clinical medicine, pathophysiology, cell biology and other disciplines have proved that smoking has serious effects on human health^[2]。 To date, tobacco use remains the world's leading preventable cause of disease and death^[3]。

Smoking and secondhand smoke are deadly killers of human health. Every year, more than 1 million people in China die from tobacco-related diseases. In order to curb the tobacco epidemic, the Chinese government has signed the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (the Convention). The Convention entered into force in China in January 2006. On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of the Convention, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the 2015 Chinese Adult Tobacco Survey Report, which comprehensively demonstrated the tobacco use status of Chinese residents and objectively evaluated the effect of various tobacco control efforts. The results can provide strong evidence for tobacco control and curbing the epidemic of chronic diseases associated with tobacco use in China. The main findings of the survey are as follows.

Controlling smoking, including preventing smoking and encouraging smokers to quit smoking, is the most important and feasible measure for population disease prevention and individual health care. Abundant research evidence suggests that smoking cessation reduces or eliminates the health hazards caused by smoking. Anyone can benefit from quitting smoking at any age, and the earlier and longer it lasts, the greater the health benefits. The public and smokers should be deeply aware of the health hazards of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure, encourage people to strive to create a smoke-free environment in their families, units and society, and encourage smokers to actively try to quit smoking.

Obesity is increasing globally and is one of the main risk factors for chronic diseases. Chronic low-level inflammation is considered to be an important intermediate pathological process in chronic diseases caused by obesity^[1,2,3]。 Damage of β cells and insulin resistance can cause lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorders, which are also important factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases^[4,5]。 Recent studies have shown that increased IgM is associated with antigen exposure caused by obesity^[6]。 IgM is secreted by B1 cells and is the first antibody secreted in the process of humoral immunity^[7]。 Triacylglycerol (TG), as a carrier of fatty acids, can release fatty acids into tissues and blood through lipoprotein lipase, which increases fatty acids. An animal experiment showed that saturated fatty acids in visceral adipose tissue increased IgM levels by stimulating toll-like receptor 4 in B cells^[8]。 At the same time, elevated TG levels promote oxidative stress response^[9]Thus leading to an increase in IgM levels. We designed a cross-sectional study to explore the association of TG levels with IgM concentrations.

In China, after more than ten years of practice and development, health management has made great progress in the basic contents of health information collection, health monitoring and health risk assessment. The establishment of various health questionnaires, the development of wearable and portable monitoring devices, the establishment of expert consensus on basic and in-depth examination projects of health examination, the establishment of various lifestyle assessment (software) methods, and the development of various disease risk prediction models have made great contributions to the development of health management disciplines and industries. However, the last step of health management, that is, the important process of health consultation and guidance, intervention and management, has no effective tools or methods and theory support^[1]。 The effectiveness of health management largely depends on the effectiveness of health intervention. Health education is an important means of providing counseling, guidance and intervention. This paper focuses on how to use the theory of health behavior to effectively carry out health guidance and intervention, so as to promote people to change unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles, control health risk factors and enhance the effect of health management.

Many of the papers in the Chinese Journal of Health Management are studies based on physical examination data. Recently, reviewers and editors found that there were problems in some manuscripts that the ethical management situation was not clearly introduced, or the ethical management did not meet the norms. In order to improve the standardization level of papers in this journal, it is necessary to strengthen the cognition of researchers and authors about the importance and basic principles of clinical ethical management norms, and understand the key links and operation details of ethical defense and ethical management. The principles of ethical defense and ethical management of research based on physical examination data are the same as those of other types of clinical research. This article will make a general introduction to this part, and then focus on the common problems and treatment methods of ethical management of research based on physical examination data.

Rats are sometimes smarter than people, otherwise we would have wiped out all of them. In 1958, the whole people started to eradicate the "four pests", and rats were the first pests. Rat killers and rat traps were invented. However, rats have not gone extinct, but are becoming more and more savvy. Rats have been observed to have an astonishing phobia of strange foods. Scientists have observed that mice eat very small doses when they start tasting a new food. They don't eat unfamiliar foods in large mouthfuls, but taste them slowly in small doses. The purpose may be that they want to avoid overeating potentially deadly toxins in this way. More interestingly, if a mouse consumes a new food and an old food at the same time during a feeding activity, which triggers an adverse reaction in the body, the mouse will no longer eat the new food, but eat the old food as usual. It is estimated that rats have deduced that familiar foods are safe and that new foods may be harmful. So, even if animals like mice have evolved a sophisticated mechanism to solve the problem of adaptation in food choices, and humans today overeat and waste resources [such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks caused by civet cat consumption], we are really not as smart as mice in this regard.

According to a report published in J Epidemiol, adhering to moderate daily walking can have a positive effect on reducing mortality among younger and older men.