2015年 · 第09卷第01期

The past 2014 was a fruitful year for academic achievements in health management in China. The Health Management Branch of Chinese Medical Association and this journal jointly published China's Expert Consensus on Basic Items of Health Examination, and successfully organized the 8th China Health Service Industry Conference and the 6th Health Management Academic Conference of Chinese Medical Association. These two landmark academic events have had a wide and far-reaching academic impact. 2015 will be a critical year for China's comprehensive deepening reform and the final year of the national "12th Five-Year Plan". It coincides with the centenary of the Chinese Medical Association. We deeply feel that the opportunity is rare, the mission is glorious, and the responsibility is heavy. Only by continuing to work together and constantly exploring and innovating can we win common development and progress.

In the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of Health Service Industry" issued by the State Council, we should strive to basically establish a health service industry system covering the whole life cycle, with rich connotations and a reasonable structure by 2020, and the total scale of health service industry is expected to reach more than 8 trillion yuan^[1]。 China's health service industry consists of two parts: medical health services and non-medical health services. Health management services are non-medical health services with the themes of personalized health testing, evaluation, intervention, consulting services, conditioning and rehabilitation, and security promotion. Health management service is the core field of health service industry, with huge development potential. It consists of three basic modules, namely health detection and monitoring, health assessment and guidance, health intervention and maintenance.

Hypertension is a common chronic disease, a "cardiovascular syndrome" characterized by continuous increase in arterial blood pressure. It is the most important risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China and the main cause of death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Controlling hypertension is the key measure of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevention.

Health management is the whole process of monitoring, analyzing, evaluating, providing health counseling and guidance and intervening on health risk factors of individuals or groups^[1]。 Carrying out health management for the elderly, by effectively monitoring and evaluating the health status of the elderly, and providing corresponding intervention measures and health guidance in time, can help the elderly improve their health status, improve their quality of life, and reduce the economic and social pressure caused by the health damage of the elderly. According to the Technical Standards for National Basic Public Health Services (2011 Edition), the basic health management services for the elderly in China include four aspects: lifestyle and health status assessment, physical examination, auxiliary examination and health guidance. According to relevant research, the elderly also have considerable demand for community activities, regular visits, home care and rehabilitation, mental health care knowledge, etc^[2,3]。 Health needs are often affected by age, gender, education level, income level and medical insurance of the elderly, and these influencing factors also restrict the use of health management services by the elderly to a certain extent^[4,5]。

With the continuous growth of people's demand for health and the continuous advancement of "new medical reform", the working functions of disease control institutions have changed from the prevention and control of pure infectious diseases and chronic non-infectious diseases to the health management of the whole population and the whole life cycle. Since 2013, under the promotion of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hubei Province has carried out a pilot project of health management focused on disease control institutions. By June 2014, the province's disease control institutions had completed the construction of 73 health management centers. The current situation, needs, advantages and disadvantages of the construction of health management centers are analyzed and reflected as follows.

With the improvement of people's health awareness and the deepening of understanding of thyroid diseases, the detection rate of thyroid nodules has increased obviously, which makes many thyroid diseases can be detected and treated early. The detection rate of thyroid nodules is different in different regions. The positive rate of thyroid nodules in China is 22.53% ~43.70%^[1,2,3,4]。 In order to understand the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of thyroid nodules in people who come to our hospital for physical examination at present, and to explore the high risk factors causing thyroid nodules, the epidemiological investigation of thyroid nodules in people who come to our hospital for physical examination was carried out, aiming at providing reliable basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

hyperuricemia (HUA) refers to a metabolic disease in which blood uric acid increases due to disorders of purine metabolism, which not only causes gout and joint damage, but also causes chronic damage to vascular endothelium and kidney. It is usually associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance, and is closely related to vascular, cardiac and renal adverse events. Therefore, HUA should be regarded as a comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor, and the treatment of HUA should comprehensively evaluate the condition and actively and comprehensively control all risk factors.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans. With the increase of living standards and the change of eating habits, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in my country are increasing year by year. According to the 2010 China Cancer Registry Annual Report, the incidence of this disease has ranked fourth among malignant tumors in urban populations^[1]。 The study found that the elderly are the high risk group of colorectal cancer, and the detection rate of colorectal cancer gradually increases with age. Screening can detect colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions early, and colonoscopy is the most reliable measure for screening and diagnosing colorectal cancer. It can examine the terminal ileum, observe the tumor morphology and lesion scope, and cooperate with polypectomy or tissue biopsy to effectively reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and improve the prognosis of patients. With the aging of China's population, the demand for colonoscopy screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer among the elderly is increasing day by day. However, the elderly have the characteristics of weak general condition, more comorbidities and shorter life expectancy, so the risk of colonoscopy is relatively high. Therefore, the significance of colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer in the elderly is reviewed.

The third working meeting of the second editorial board of Chinese Journal of Health Management was successfully held in Beijing Convention Center on November 21, 2014. Editor-in-Chief Bai Shuzhong, Deputy Editors-in-Chief Cai Lifeng, Wang Peiyu, Wu Liuxin, Zeng Qiang and Zhu Hong, as well as 63 editorial board members and corresponding editorial board members from all over the country attended the meeting. The meeting was chaired by Bai Shuzhong, editor-in-chief, and Fu Xiaoxia, deputy director of the editorial department, summarized the work of Chinese Journal of Health Management in 2014. The participating experts put forward their own opinions and suggestions about the work of the magazine. Cai Lifeng, deputy editor-in-chief, spoke on behalf of the magazine. Some experts who did not speak due to time constraints put forward their ideas in the form of written letters and e-mails after the meeting. The contents of the meeting are now summarized as follows.

The vast majority of obese adults in the UK are unable to face up to their serious weight problems, new research has found. Researchers say this lack of awareness has hindered public health initiatives.

23andMe, a personal genetic testing company, has launched a personal genomic service in the UK despite certain restrictions in the United States. Consumers pay £125 (€158 or $196) for a personalised NA service, with test reports covering more than 100 health conditions and genetic traits, ranging from Alzheimer's disease to male baldness. Consumers receive DNA collection cartridges through the post office and then send saliva samples to the laboratory for analysis. "Learn how your genes are associated with abnormal blood clotting, cystic fibrosis, or some drug reactions," according to the company's website (www.23andme.com). "You can also know if you can metabolize caffeine quickly and if you may have lactose intolerance."

Everyone knows that overweight and obesity are harmful to health and will increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and stroke, in addition to gallbladder diseases and arthritis. A recent large sample study in the UK showed that being overweight and obese increased the risk of 10 common cancers. A report by researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and other units was published in the Lancet on August 14, 2014. They collected data from 5.24 million Britons over the age of 16 and conducted a follow-up study on them for 7.5 years. None of these people had cancer at the beginning of the study, and a total of 167,000 people had cancer at the end of follow-up, involving more than 20 cancers, of which 10 were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), such as an increase of 5 in BMI, and an increase of 62%, 31%, 25% and 10% in the risk of endometrial cancer, gallbladder cancer, kidney cancer and cervical cancer, respectively. In addition, overweight and obesity can increase the risk of thyroid cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. This study suggests that if the current global obesity trend continues, the number of cancer patients will definitely increase significantly.