2010年 · 第04卷第06期

On the basis of learning from the latest scientific research and academic achievements of international health management, reviewing and summarizing the academic theoretical research and practical experience of health management in China in recent years, this paper discusses the "health management medical service and standards" issues involved in the academic theoretical research, discipline connotation construction, innovative service practice, talent education and training, and the development of industry and industry standards in China at present and in the future, and triggers everyone's thinking and exchange through the elaboration of the concept and connotation of health management medical service, the introduction of implementation and standards, and the discussion of the trend and countermeasures of future innovation and development.

Human health measurement is a very complicated matter. On the one hand, we should first clarify the concept and connotation of health to measure health. On the other hand, we must also understand and master the dimensions and index system that constitute health, because any factors that affect health (including favorable factors, unfavorable factors and health risk factors, etc.) can affect the measurement and evaluation results of specific subjective and objective indicators^[1]。 Therefore, when choosing specific evaluation methods and indexes of human health measurement, we must rely on scientific clinical evidence-based medicine research results and a large number of epidemiological survey data. With the development and progress of modern medical science and technology and the deepening of the research on the connotation of health concept, the research and application of the index system of human health measurement and evaluation have also made great progress in recent years. Based on a brief retrospective analysis of the conceptual connotation and dimension of human health, this paper emphasizes on the research progress of health measurement methods, techniques and evaluation index system.

According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are more than 6,000 institutions engaged in health examination in China. In August 2009, the Ministry of Health issued the Interim Regulations on the Administration of Physical Examinations, which aims to "strengthen the administration of physical examinations, promote the standardized and orderly conduct of physical examinations, and protect and enhance people's health^[1]". However, the entry threshold of this standard is low, and because there is no quality control standard for medical equipment for performing health examination, it is driven by profit and only needs little capital investment to implement medical examination business, so more and more institutions are engaged in health examination. However, the health law enforcement departments are helpless to accurately identify medical institutions engaged in health examination, and their law enforcement efforts are seriously tortured. Therefore, at present, China's medical examination market can be described as chaotic and disorderly, and with it, there are more and more disputes arising from the quality of medical examination. Despite this, in China, health examination institutions are still mainly based on health examination centers in general hospitals, so the health examination service mode of general hospitals will inevitably play a guiding role in the industry.

Burnout is a symptom of emotional exhaustion, Maslach et al.^[1]Argues that there is often an expectation that people feel that they should consistently provide quality service to others at work. The existence of this kind of social expectation causes them to continuously invest a lot of emotional, physical and other energy to cope with the demands of the service objects. Over time, it is easy to form the symptoms of physical and mental exhaustion. Maslach et al. refer to this psychological syndrome that occurs in response to long-term emotional and interpersonal stressors at work as job burnout. Foreign studies have shown^[2]The research on teachers' work stress and job burnout has received extensive attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors related to job burnout of middle school teachers and provide reference for alleviating teachers' occupational stress.

Optometric abnormality is one of the common and frequently occurring diseases among primary and secondary school students. According to relevant data, in recent years, the rate of low vision among adolescents in China has reached 50% ~60%, and it is increasing year by year^[1]It endangers the physical and mental health of students, and also poses a threat to the training of national talents with special needs. It has been listed as one of the nine common diseases of students focused on prevention and treatment by the national health and education department. In order to grasp the optometric status of primary and middle school students in time and provide scientific basis for school vision protection, we cooperated with a health supervision office in a county in Shanxi Province to conduct an optometric monitoring survey on 12,908 eyes of 6,454 primary and middle school students in 5 middle schools (excluding high schools) and 5 primary schools. The report is as follows.

The weak magnetic field detection technology of living organisms is a relatively advanced biological information detection technology in the world^[1]In recent years, some research progress has been made in sub-health assessment and psychological assessment. This technology has the advantages of non-contact, non-injury, simplicity, quickness and relatively quantification. This study uses this detection technology to conduct corroborative detection and exploration research on patients with clinically confirmed tumors.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable lung disease with airflow restriction. Airflow restriction is not completely reversible and progressively developed. chronic airflow restriction is caused by small airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and lung parenchymal destruction (emphysema), and is related to abnormal inflammatory reaction of lung to harmful gases or harmful particles such as cigarette smoke^[1]。

Physical examination is a preventive health care measure that people pay more and more attention to nowadays. Whether the subjects can successfully undergo physical examination needs scientific and effective management of the physical examination process. Since the implementation of full-automatic and one-stop physical examination process in 2005, our center has now reached an average annual physical examination of 40,000 people. Strict management to ensure smooth physical examination process is closely related to physical examination quality and service quality. Now talk about this experience in combination with practice.

Case interpretation of health examination reports (hereinafter referred to as case interpretation) is a process in which physical examination doctors and subjects accept, recognize and communicate with physical examination results. It includes handing over, reading, answering questions, special discussion, trend analysis, etc. At present, health examination centers are still the main body of health management. Starting from health examination reports, carefully organizing case interpretation services, providing health consultation, guidance and preliminary intervention on health risk factors to subjects are the first step of "health management" abstraction into concrete, and it is the development trend of continuously extending the health examination management platform and completing the transformation and upgrading of health examination centers to health management centers.

In order to further standardize the work of going out for physical examination, the Ministry of Health issued the document "Wei Yi Zheng Fa [2009] No. 77""Interim Provisions on the Administration of Health and Physical Examination", which put forward clear requirements for going out for physical examination. According to this, combined with the management of physical examination in our hospital for many years, talk about some experiences.

Laboratory tests are an indispensable part of physical examination, and whether the test results are correct or not will directly affect the physician's analysis and judgment on the physical condition of the examiner. The specimens for physical examination outside the hospital are different from the characteristics of "immediate collection and immediate inspection", and the specimens need to be transferred over a long distance. Looking back at our hospital for many years, we have accumulated some experience in the collection, storage and transfer of inspection specimens. The experience is as follows.

As the consumers of health services, the public can obtain effective health information, participate in personal health management, and choose health services under the condition of full knowledge of health services, which will effectively promote the improvement of public health level and public health care ability^[1]。 Achieving such goals requires professionals to turn scientific and reliable professional information into information that can be understood and used by the public, and form tools. Chinese data show that although the public can access a large amount of health information, the overall level of health literacy among Chinese residents is only 6.48%^[2]。