2008年 · 第02卷第02期

In the past five years, health management, whether as a medical and health service concept or as a service industry model, has been increasingly widely influenced in academia and the public. However, so far, there is a lack of common understanding and understanding of the concept and meaning of health management in the mass media and even in the academic circles^[1，2]The use of the term "health management" is highly arbitrary. This situation may restrict the development of health management as a discipline in China. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the concept, scope, discipline nature, purpose and principle of health management on the theoretical and practical basis of the emergence of health management discipline, and the background of its formation and development in China, in order to provide some ideas for the healthy development of this brand-new and potentially prospective discipline in China.

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with Chinese characteristics, which seriously endangers the health of Chinese people^[1]Health management is to collect physical and psychological information, analyze risk factors affecting health, assess health status, provide health counseling and behavioral intervention, guide health science lifestyle, and improve health quality^[2]。 Combining basic scientific research and clinical research on the occurrence, development, recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer, it is of great strategic significance to carry out integrated and standardized health management of liver cancer, which is in line with the development idea of China's health industry system and health management discipline, and changes from mainly treating late-stage serious diseases to prevention, and takes the road of sustainable development of health industry and medical undertakings^[3]。

With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people's consciousness of health care is constantly enhanced. As a new way of health care, physical examination has been accepted and adopted by the public. How to take physical examination as a starting point, establish a brand-new health concept and establish a health management system that prevent problems before they happen? Firstly, systematic health management is implemented for physical examination people, and practical and feasible health management operation mode is discussed to suit China's national conditions, so as to truly and effectively improve the health quality of the whole people is an important issue that we are facing at present.

Nowadays, health management is growing rapidly in the United States. Seventy-seven million Americans have access to health care in approximately 650 health management organizations, and more than 90 million Americans are enjoyers of health management services programs. That means 7 in 10 Americans have access to health management services^[1]。 Dr. Eddington, director of the Center for Health Management Research at the University of Michigan in the United States, once said: After more than 20 years of research in the United States, we have reached the conclusion that health management has such a secret for any business and individual, that is, 90% and 10%^[2]。 Specifically, after 90% of individuals and enterprises pass health management, medical expenses drop to the original 10%; 10% of individuals and businesses do not have health management, and medical expenses have increased by 90% compared with the original. It can be seen that health management is not only a concept, but also a method, and it is also a set of perfect and thorough service procedures. Its purpose is to make patients and healthy people better healthy, restore their health, promote their health, and save money and effectively reduce medical expenditures.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common infectious chronic infectious disease in the world, and China is a high endemic area of HBV^[1]The course of the disease is prolonged and carried for life, which brings great inconvenience to the patient's life and employment. Zhongguancun area in Haidian District of Beijing is a high-tech park, which has the characteristics of large population density, large mobility, large foreign population and high knowledge level. Based on the above population characteristics, it is very important to do a good job in the propaganda and education of hepatitis B prevention knowledge of this part of the population.

Health management refers to a process of comprehensively managing the health risk factors of individuals or people^[1]。 Diabetes is the third leading human killer after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors. The results of several large clinical trials have shown that lifestyle improvements such as diet control, exercise and weight loss can delay or prevent the onset of diabetes. Since 2005, our hospital has carried out the health management of diabetic patients with diabetes specialist nurses as the main body, and achieved good results. The report is as follows.

At present, the physical examination industry is developing rapidly in China, and the physical examination items are different. Understanding the physical examination population, the selection of physical examination items and the distribution of detected diseases can select physical examination items more reasonably, and provide evidence for predicting the future development of diseases in the population and proposing preventive measures. We collected the data of the physical examination population from January 2006 to December 2007 in the physical examination center of our hospital for analysis, and now report it as follows.

In February, 2007, the Operation Manual of Civil Servant Recruitment Physical Examination (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Manual) published by the Ministry of Personnel provides a relatively complete evaluation method and standard for civil servant recruitment physical examination, analyzes the physical examination materials and problems encountered in practical work of civil servant recruitment in Hubei Province in 2007, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for further improvement of the Manual.

With the development of society, people's living standards are constantly improving, and their lifestyles have changed greatly. The prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, both in developed and developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) experts estimate that by the end of the 20th century, the number of obese people worldwide had reached 1.8 billion, and the trend continues to rise^[1]。 Therefore, the problem of obesity can no longer be taken lightly. We attempted to review the various risk factors leading to adult obesity and the current obesity intervention strategies, hoping to provide some insights on how to carry out health management for the increasingly serious obesity problem in China.

The burden of disease refers to the loss caused by disease, which includes economic loss, deterioration of quality of life and loss of life years^[1]。 Some scholars suggest that the burden of disease should be comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of biological factors, psychological factors and socio-economic factors, such as its loss and harm to individuals, families and society, and its consequences and effects^[2，3]。 At present, both developed and developing countries are faced with many new and old health problems and the rising demand of residents for health services. How to allocate limited health resources is a common problem faced by all countries in health decision-making. It is under this premise that the study of the burden of disease has been developed, by studying the burden of different diseases to determine the health issues that are prioritized for development. Chronic non-communicable diseases are generally characterized by high morbidity, mortality, disability and long course of disease. It is necessary to discuss the evaluation indicators of the disease burden and evaluate the disease burden realistically, so as to highlight the main health problems and provide a true and reliable basis for local administrative departments to formulate health policies^[4]。

acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common type of acute abdomen. Cholelithiasis and alcoholism are the two main causes of AP. In recent years, the incidence of acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis (AAIP) has been increasing worldwide. Although the mechanism of occurrence is still unclear, alcoholism is more clear as the main cause of AP. This paper summarizes the current research status of AAIP and reveals the importance of alcohol abstinence to prevent AP.

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin secretion and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. In the diabetic state, the utilization and processing of glucose in the muscle tissue, adipose tissue and liver of the whole body, which usually use glucose as the basic energy source, is obstructed, resulting in an increase in blood glucose concentration. Long-term hyperglycemia damages the vascular system, leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and causes a series of diseases such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy^[1]。 Clinically, it is divided into 4 types, among which type 2 diabetes accounts for about 95% of diabetic patients, which is the focus of chronic disease prevention and health management. Type 2 diabetes has no specific etiology and is caused by the interaction of genetics and unhealthy lifestyle habits, in which lifestyle habits play a major role. Therefore, type 2 diabetes can be prevented and improved through lifestyle management. The contents discussed in this paper are applicable to the prevention and lifestyle management of diabetic patients in general population and high risk groups of diabetes.

Whether from the connotation of health management or its practice process, health information assessment is the core content and indispensable key link. Among the six disciplines of health management, health assessment is one of the important systems. Among many practical technologies of health management, health assessment is one of the most critical technologies. Health assessment is based on health detection/monitoring and aims at health intervention and management implementation. Due to the short rise of health management in China, academic theoretical research and practical exploration are not in-depth and extensive enough, and related industrial products and industry operations only stay in the initial stage of physical examination and intermediary services. Therefore, in accelerating the construction of health industry system and health management disciplines with Chinese characteristics and leading and promoting the healthy development of China's health industry and health management industry, health information evaluation and follow-up management implementation are the first tasks before us.

From the research results and practical experience of traditional Chinese and western medicine, good lifestyle is the main measure to prevent and cure diseases and maintain health, especially chronic non-communicable diseases are inseparable from lifestyle. The responsibility of health managers is to enhance the health awareness of service objects and improve the ability of active health through health education and guidance^[1]。 Help the service objects to eliminate all kinds of risk factors that endanger human health, correct bad living habits, and establish a good and scientific lifestyle. Therefore, health management focuses on intervention. Then, what to intervene and how to intervene are important topics for our long-term research and discussion. Based on our experience, the following recommendations are made.

Vulvar pruritus is a common clinical symptom of female reproductive system diseases, which often occurs in the clitoris, labia minora and labial folds, perineum or perianus. The degree of itching varies, with occasional acupuncture or ant sensation in mild cases, and unbearable itching and restlessness in severe cases, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and quality of life. Therefore, it is an important way to treat the disease and prevent recurrence to analyze the etiology, make a clear diagnosis and treat the patients with vulvar pruritus as the main complaint symptom, and carry out classified management according to person, disease, time and place.

The Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army was established at the end of 2003. Taking advantage of the strong demand of the people for health care after SARS and relying on the resource advantages of the hospital, the Physical Examination Center was established, which completed the transformation of the hospital from "medical treatment as the center" to the comprehensive development of medical treatment, health care and prevention.