Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the main methods of revascularization in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Unobstructed bypass vessels are the cornerstone of perioperative safety, long-term survival benefit and improvement of quality of life. In 1964, Kolesov successfully completed the first CABG in history with the internal thoracic artery (ITA) as a bypass vessel[1]。 Loop in the 1980s compared the use of ITA with the great saphenous vein bypass vessel (SVG) CABG alone, demonstrating that ITA significantly improved patients' 10-year survival and reduced the risk of myocardial infarction and revascularization[2]Thus making ITA the "gold standard" for bypass vessels. Subsequently, bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) and radial artery (RA) bypass vessels were used to perform multi-artery CABG (MA-CABG), and even the concept of total artery CABG (TA-CABG) was proposed to further obtain better long-term bypass vessel patency and clinical prognosis. Other arterial bypass vessels used for CABG include the right gastroomental artery, inferior abdominal artery, ulnar artery, etc., but they are less used.
