2024年 · 第40卷第08期

intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a hemangioma formed by pathological bulging of the weak part of the intracranial blood vessel wall. With the inclusion of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and CT angiography (CTA) in health screening and widespread application, the detection rate of IA has increased^[1]。 The combined prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is about 3.2%^[2], a cross-sectional study based on community populations in Shanghai showed that the rate of UIAs detected by MRA was as high as 7% among people aged 35 to 75, with females higher than males^[3]。 ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) are the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), accounting for about 85%^[4]The fatality and disability rate of patients can reach 50%^[5,6]。 The Phase I study of the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA) showed that the annual rupture rate of UIAs was 0.95%, and the larger the maximum diameter of IA, the higher the risk of rupture^[7]。 Therefore, it is particularly important to detect IA as early as possible and evaluate its rupture risk. Based on this, this guide summarizes the commonly used imaging techniques and emerging technologies for IA screening and risk assessment, and strives to recommend the most suitable imaging techniques to guide the diagnosis and treatment of clinical IA.

Glioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor in children, among which low-grade glioma is the most common, accounting for about 25% to 40% of childhood nervous system tumors^[1,2,3]。 At present, there is still a lack of epidemiological investigation reports for children in China. According to many domestic data, the annual incidence rate of CNS tumors in children is 2.10/100,000~2.59/100,000, among which the annual incidence rate of pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) is about 0.53/100,000~0.65/100,000^[2]。 Different from adults, children's nervous system is still in the developmental stage, and glioma occurring in children has its unique molecular pathological characteristics and mechanisms; Therefore, the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) CNS Tumor Classification separately designated it as "childhood diffuse low-grade glioma" and "childhood diffuse high-grade glioma". At the same time, localized gliomas and glial neuronal tumors in the WHO classification are also more likely to occur in children. This guideline mainly deals with localized gliomas, diffuse low-grade gliomas, and glial neuronal tumors in the 2021 WHO classification; Except for spinal cord PLGG, all of them are evidence-based medical evidence and diagnosis and treatment recommendations for intracranial PLGG.