2013年 · 第07卷第05期

With the development of economy, type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic trend in the world. This issue has specially organized the key number of diabetes health management for readers to learn from.

With the development of economy, type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic trend in the world^[1,2]。 Because many chronic complications of diabetes seriously affect health and quality of life, and at the same time bring heavy economic burden, how to deal with type 2 diabetes has received more and more attention. Although the UK Prospective Diabetes Study has shown that strict blood glucose control can delay the onset of diabetic microvascular complications^[3]However, from its follow-up study, 5.7% of the intensive treatment group still developed microvascular complications. While for macrovascular complications^[4]There is no definitive evidence of whether intensive therapy is beneficial. Therefore, prevention of diabetes in high-risk groups should be the most ideal choice.

Daily living habits are closely related to health. Some diseases are directly caused by bad living habits, such as irregular meals, eating methods and preferences, low sleep quality, insomnia, etc. These are the causes of disease^[1]。 The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases is increasing year by year in the world, and they have become important diseases that threaten human health and affect people's quality of life. Many of these chronic diseases are related to bad living or eating habits such as drinking, smoking, high sugar, high fat and low fiber diet^[2]。 Some studies show that the overall health knowledge awareness rate of Chinese residents is relatively low, among which the awareness rate of healthy lifestyle is only 11.6%^[3]Different nationalities and different groups of people also have differences in their living habits and quality of life^[4]。 The purpose of this study was to understand the living habits of Yi adults in Yunnan, and compared with those of Han nationalities in the same region, it was found that the bad living habits and potential pathogenic factors of Yi nationalities have achieved the role of early prevention.

Freshmen, as a special social group, transition from high school students to college students. This role transition makes them difficult to adapt for a while. Some health risk behaviors related to lifestyle and behavior appear, which directly or indirectly affect their academic achievement^[1]And physical and mental health, are the important factors of common and frequently occurring diseases among students. In order to understand the current distribution of health-related behaviors of freshmen in Hefei, our unit conducted a health-related behavior survey of freshmen in a higher vocational college in its jurisdiction from October to November, 2012. The results are reported as follows:

After 1990s, the population and family planning work has changed from simply controlling the population to providing comprehensive and high-quality services for people of reproductive age. In order to explore a practical service model in ethnic minority areas and improve the reproductive health level of women of reproductive age, this study conducted a survey on the reproductive health status of 3,784 married women of reproductive age of Hui nationality from February to August 2012. The results are as follows:

With the transformation of medical model, patients have higher and higher requirements for medical quality. In addition, the relationship between doctors and patients is tense, and contradictions between doctors and patients occur from time to time. The mental health of medical staff is more and more prominent. Some previous studies have confirmed that 7 factors in the SCL-90 survey of medical staff in general hospitals are higher than the national norm, indicating that the mental health status of medical staff is lower than the national average^[1]。 In some special periods and special departments, doctors' psychological problems are more prominent^[2,3]。 Poor mental health of medical staff not only reduces work efficiency, but also increases medical errors, potentially threatening medical quality and patient safety^[4]。 In this study, the general health status scale and work stress response scale were used to evaluate the mental health status of medical staff. The aim was to explore the factors affecting the mental health of medical staff and provide scientific basis for carrying out the research on mental health intervention of medical staff.

The floating population refers to the population who leaves the place of household registration and lives in other places for the purpose of work and living, mostly refers to the migration from rural areas to towns. Since the 1980s, the scale of floating population in China has grown rapidly, and by 2010 it has reached 160 million, among which the floating population of teenagers occupies an absolute quantitative advantage. Because the development of physiology and psychology is at a critical stage, prematurely away from the local culture and away from the urban system edge makes the mental health of migrant adolescents appear hidden worries. The survey shows that the mental health level of migrant adolescents is significantly lower than that of resident adolescents^[1]。

stroke, also known as stroke or cerebrovascular accident, is a general term for acute cerebral blood circulation disorders and cerebrovascular diseases. It is a common and frequently-occurring disease that seriously endangers human health. Stroke is the second most fatal disease in China after cancer^[1]。 According to the report published by the World Health Organization, the disability adjusted life year (DALY) of stroke ranks first among all kinds of neurological diseases, which brings a heavy burden to families and society. According to epidemiological investigations, more than 2 million new stroke patients occur every year, and about 1.5 million people die of stroke every year. More patients have various sequelae, greatly reduced quality of life, and even mental health problems^[2]。

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a pathological state of hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity and other metabolic diseases, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Metabolic syndrome was included as an official diagnostic name in the clinical revision of the International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) in 2003 under the code 277.7. Although the contents and definitions of MS issued by international academic institutions are different, the real fierce controversy about it is only a matter of recent years. However, there is a trend towards reconciliation^[1]。

The quality of physical examination is a symbol to measure the thought, technical level and management level of personnel of a physical examination institution, and it is the life of physical examination institution. At present, the development of the domestic physical examination market is mixed, and there is no unified standard and supervision for personnel qualification, equipment measurement and quality control of physical examination institutions, resulting in uneven quality of physical examination and hidden dangers^[1,2]。 How to strengthen the quality control management of physical examination and provide reliable, efficient and satisfactory physical examination services for subjects is a common problem faced by physical examination institutions at present. Since its establishment, the Physical Examination Center of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region has successfully set up a three-level network management system for quality control of health examination through continuous exploration, and achieved good practical results.

With the change of disease spectrum, the change of medical mode and the development of functional medicine, the traditional convalescence and rehabilitation mode can no longer meet the health needs. Taking the business development and construction of nursing homes as the carrier, this paper focuses on studying how the nursing homes take modern and traditional medical means as the lead, integrate social, cultural, natural and other factors, and extend the nursing home health care service from "checking and treating the diseases" to "checking and treating the diseases", forming the unique integrated service mode of health management and health promotion in nursing homes and building a "health park", so as to achieve the goal of prevention and advancement. Now we will discuss some explorations and thinking of our hospital in combination with our own practice.

Physical examination information system is a computer information processing system designed for the extensive health examination work^[1]It is mainly used to manage the basic data and various result data of physical examiners, including the application of clinical examination, ultrasound, radiology, electrocardiogram, pathology and other physical examination items, various result data data obtained from other information systems through computer networks, and creating physical examination reports^[2]。 At present, the physical examination system of most physical examination institutions in China is an independent information system, designed for handling the daily work of health examination. Each medical technology department and sub-department doctor station summarizes the subjects and enters the examination results, mostly focusing on the management that replaces manual operation. Its defect is that it is entered or transmitted in text format, only providing literal data of basic diagnosis, and no detailed image diagnosis content is provided to the main examiner. Therefore, the software and hardware of physical examination information system need to be more optimally designed to realize various forms of data docking with hospital information management system, image storage and transmission system (PACS), laboratory management system, ultrasound information system (UIS), pathology information system (EIS) and other systems, and integrate with the data of various clinical medical equipment^[3]Realize a physical examination information system based on the whole medical, teaching and scientific research activities. The main purpose of this study is to combine the characteristics of hospital physical examination information system and utilize modern computer information management technology^[4]On the basis of the physical examination information system, a more perfect physical examination image data collection and mining platform is developed, and more perfect and flexible physical examination information is provided to the main examination doctor in a visual and graphical way.

With the improvement of people's living standards and the increasing health awareness, health examination has gradually become fashionable. In the process of communication between the subject and the physical examination unit, the general examination conclusion of the physical examination report is an important central link. This article discusses how to standardize the conclusion of general inspection; How to pay attention to the high-risk abnormal physical examination results of subjects and seek medical treatment in time; The classification of physical examination data and the setting of some general examination work templates will be preliminarily discussed, and we will communicate with you.

The Public Utility Management Major (Health Management Direction) of Hainan Medical College was declared as an emerging strategic industry characteristic major of the Ministry of Education. It was approved by the Department of Education of Hainan Province in June 2010 (Qiong Jiao Gao [2010] 06) and was first enrolled in September 2011. It was the first major in medical schools in China. Students studied in school for 4 years and were awarded a bachelor's degree in management after graduation. Since the enrollment of students, our school attaches great importance to the construction of this specialty. Combining with the construction of relevant specialties at home and abroad, we have made a lot of beneficial explorations and improvements in the formulation of professional education plan, the construction of curriculum system, the setting of curriculum and the way of talent training. In order to better understand students' learning status and effect, and to further improve the quality of education and teaching, this study conducted an investigation and analysis on students' training in school in 2013.

Breast cancer not only causes damage to female sexual organs, but also seriously endangers female mental health and even endangers female life^[1]。 However, people's access to professional information is not smooth^[2]At the same time, there is a lack of appropriate coping styles, and there will be many needs that cannot be met by themselves and must be assisted by others in supportive care^[3]。 Therefore, strengthening supportive care plays a positive role in improving the psychological state and behavior of patients, improving the curative effect and promoting rehabilitation. In this study, the supportive care needs survey (SCNS) was used to assess the degree of breast cancer patients' needs and the need for help, so as to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to carry out their work effectively.

The recently completed "National Lung Cancer Screening Trial" study in the United States shows that low-dose spiral CT examination every year can detect more early lung cancer than routine chest X-ray examination, thus reducing lung cancer mortality. From August 2002 to April 2004, the study enrolled asymptomatic subjects in 33 hospitals in the United States, and included a total of 53 439 subjects, aged 55 to 74 years, all with a history of smoking at least 30 packs/year. They were randomized to receive low-dose spiral CT every year (n=26 715) and chest X-ray (n=26 724) screening for 3 years. The results showed that the positive finding rates were 27.3% and 9.2% in the low-dose CT scan group and X-ray examination group, respectively, and 1.1% and 0.7% were diagnosed with lung cancer, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of chest CT were 93.8% and 73.4%, respectively, while those of chest X-ray were 73.5% and 91.3%, respectively. Therefore, low-dose CT is more sensitive than chest X-ray screening for lung cancer (N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1980-1991).

A meta-analysis of prospective studies conducted in 12 Europe showed no direct association between work stress and risk of lung, breast, colorectal or prostate cancer. The study included 116 056 subjects, aged 17 to 70 years, from 12 cohort studies from Europe, with a mean follow-up of 12 years, all of whom were cancer-free at baseline. The association between work stress and cancer was analyzed after adjusting for factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. The results showed that there were 5765 people with cancer, including 522 with colon cancer, 374 with lung cancer, 1010 with breast cancer and 865 with prostate cancer. However, high work pressure and high work intensity are not directly related to the overall incidence of cancer (RR＝0.97，95%CI：0.90～1.04)。 Not only that, but also high work pressure and colon cancer (RR＝1.16，95%CI: 0.90 to 1.48), lung cancer (RR＝1.17，95%CI: 0.88 to 1.54), breast cancer (RR＝0.97，95%CI0.82 to 1.14), prostate cancer (RR＝0.86，95%CI: 0.68-1.09) and no significant correlation. This study shows that while reducing work stress can undoubtedly improve psychological and physical health, it may not have a significant effect on reducing the cancer burden of the population (BMJ, 2013, 346: f165).