2013年 · 第07卷第03期

The field of maternity and child is an important base of health management practice. This issue has specially organized the key issues of maternity and child health management for readers to learn from.

In the 1990s, the new concept of reproductive health was introduced by the World Health Organization at the Seventh World Conference on Human Reproduction, which was reemphasized at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 and included in the Cairo Declaration adopted by the World Health Organization, together with women's empowerment, advocating for governments to provide reproductive health-related services to all people of all ages through the primary health care system by 2015, i.e. the action goal of reproductive health services for all. Reproductive health, as defined by the World Health Organization, refers to the overall integrity of the body, mind and society, not just the absence of disease or weakness in all aspects of the reproductive system and its functions and processes^[1]。

With the progress of science, the focus of medicine is gradually changing from organic diseases to functional diseases, and the problem of human cognitive-motor development disorder is also receiving unprecedented attention, among which developmental motor coordination disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder and autism are the most common. Epidemiological surveys in Europe and America show that the prevalence of developmental motor coordination disorder in children aged 5-11 is as high as 5%-6%, and attention deficit hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder is 1%-11%, and it is increasing year by year in urban areas. Because of the high comorbidity and poor prognosis of cognitive-motor disorders in children, they cause great harm to the development of individuals, families and society and economy.

The 21st century is an age of aging population. In 2025, there will be 290 million elderly people over the age of 60 in China, accounting for 1/5 of the total population. China's aging has the characteristics of huge scale, rapid growth, regional imbalance, inversion of urban and rural areas, more women than men, and getting old before getting rich. Rapid aging leads to the increase of patients with chronic diseases, the rise of social medical costs and the decline of patients' quality of life, which brings severe challenges to China's health system. Reform and perfect the medical and health service system to adapt to the development of aging, establish and implement the healthy aging strategy, perfect the medical care guarantee system for the elderly, and strengthen the training of geriatric medical personnel, so as to achieve the healthy aging and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Saliva is an important biological fluid substance secreted by oral glands, and its composition changes are associated with the occurrence of many diseases. The literature reported that the levels of some proteins in the saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes were more than 2 times higher than those of normal people, such as alpha₂-Macroglobulin, α 1-antitrypsin and cystatin C, etc. Most of these proteins are related to glucose metabolism and immune regulatory pathways^[1]。 In this study, the salivary alpha of patients with type 2 diabetes₂-MG expression levels were detected to explore saliva alpha₂Value of-MG in predicting changes in oral salivary gland function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

China is one of the few countries in the world with coal as the main energy source. As the main force of energy production in China, the quality of life of coal miners has been paid more and more attention by the society. The purpose of this study is to understand the quality of life of underground coal miners and explore its influencing factors so as to formulate effective intervention measures.

coronary heart disease (CHD) increased dramatically during the period of rapid economic development, especially in urban population^[1]。 How to reduce CHD morbidity and mortality has become a public health issue. At present, many large-scale and multi-center clinical epidemiological studies have shown that coagulation factor VII (FVII), coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), Fibrinogen (Fg) and D-dimer are closely related to CHD, and some of them can even be used as independent risk factors for CHD. However, there are great controversies about this result^[2,3]。 The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the levels of FVII, FVIII, Fg and D-dimer can be used as independent risk factors for new CHD in Shanghai population, and to try to prevent CHD and reduce the incidence of CHD.

Different from outpatient psychological consultation, psychological hotline has many characteristics such as wide coverage, strong concealment, good confidentiality, equivalent roles and sufficient conversation. Since the establishment of the Psychological Crisis Intervention Center and the opening of four psychological service hotlines on December 26th, 2011, our hospital has provided 7×24 h consultation services to the whole army and local governments, which is one of the key projects of mental health services in the whole army. On the basis of learning and learning from the experience of Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center, the center has gradually established and improved the training materials and plans of hotline consultants with military characteristics, and formulated the evaluation standards and supervision mechanisms of wiring quality^[1]。 The implementation of psychological crisis intervention hotline in our center in the past 1 year is reviewed.

Stress, as a psychosocial factor, has attracted more and more people's attention. Under stress, people will have a series of physiological, psychological and behavioral reactions, which will cause certain burden on individual body and mind and threaten individual health. In order to understand the influence of occupational stress on the mental health of officers and soldiers and formulate targeted stress management strategies, we have made a correlation analysis of the mental health status of officers and soldiers in a certain border and coastal defense department and its relationship with occupational stress and stress coping styles. The results are reported as follows.

With the acceleration of industrialization and aging, the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other diseases has risen sharply all over the world, which not only brings a serious economic burden to patients and their families, but also has a far-reaching impact on society^[1]In recent years, it has become one of the hot issues concerned by academic circles. In the process of prevention and treatment of these diseases, people gradually found that these diseases have similar epidemiological characteristics and risk factors: these diseases often have hidden onset and complex etiology, which has nothing to do with infectious factors but is closely related to long-term lifestyle and environmental factors. Most of the long disease courses are often accompanied by life, but they can be prevented and delayed by improving external causes such as bad lifestyle and environment. Scholars have integrated and summarized diseases with these characteristics, which are generally collectively referred to as chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, malignant tumors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. The disease spectrum in China has changed from infectious diseases to chronic non-communicable diseases^[2]。 However, there is no uniform and exact definition of chronic non-communicable diseases in academic circles, especially its abbreviation, which is called chronic disease in some studies and chronic disease in others. Whether "chronic non-communicable disease", "chronic disease" and "chronic disease" are the same concept? In the current related research articles, the use of these three terms is irregular and confusing. This paper intends to sort out the relevant research at home and abroad, put forward some ideas and suggestions for the standardization of the definition and use of chronic non-communicable diseases, and hope that fellow colleagues will discuss and correct it, so as to benefit the development of academics.

Selected by Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau, the author was fortunate to attend training in Britain as the first batch of general practitioners in Shanghai from May to June 2011. Through five weeks of visits, field visits and interviews, the author has a comprehensive understanding of the general practitioner service mode in Britain. This article aims to explore the reference of British general practitioner system to Shanghai community health service.

At present, the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in adults in China is increasing constantly. The epidemic pattern of domestic diseases has changed from infectious diseases to chronic diseases, and the transformation speed is far faster than that in other countries^[1]。 Anshan Tanggangzi Sanatorium is a rehabilitation physiotherapy hospital mainly focused on the treatment of chronic diseases. By implementing the development strategy of developing the hospital through science and technology and introducing the concept of health management, it has formed a new convalescence model with the functions of health management (physical examination) and rehabilitation physiotherapy as the center. This new model of nursing home development adapts to the practical needs of convalescent staff from chronic disease rehabilitation treatment to a set of personalized health maintenance strategies^[2]。

Health management is an emerging discipline. In terms of discipline, it still belongs to the category of medical science, but it is by no means a simple copy of clinical medical examination^[1]。 It is a comprehensive discipline integrating life science, management science and information science; It originates from and depends on the development of modern medical science and technology, but is different from traditional preventive medicine and clinical medicine^[2]。 The public utility management major (health management direction) of Hainan Medical College was declared as a new strategic industry related major of the Ministry of Education. It was approved by the Department of Education of Hainan Province in June 2010 (Qiong Jiao Gao [2010] 06), and official enrollment began in June 2011. It is the first medical school in China to enroll health management major as general higher education.

Community health service, as an important content in the reform of medical and health system in China, has been widely concerned by the whole society. The purpose of this article is to provide reference for the in-depth development of family doctor system by analyzing the work practice of family doctor in Jiangdong District of Ningbo.

Physical examination as an important preventive and health care measure is more and more favored by the masses of the people. Physical examination service institutions have emerged as the times require. Medical units at all levels have successively set up their own physical examination institutions^[1]。 As a new health industry, health examination has both advantages and problems. Only by fully understanding the existing problems and actively solving them through effective methods and approaches can health examination centers develop healthily and orderly^[2]。 Therefore, in December 2011, we investigated the current situation of physical examination centers in some hospitals in Fujian area, and put forward countermeasures to solve the problems. The present report is analyzed as follows.

Obesity is one of the risk factors for pregnancy and can increase adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Obesity-related obstetric complications and maternal mortality are increasing year by year, and medical expenses will also increase. This article aims to introduce the perinatal management of obese pregnant women in combination with clinical experience.

Recently, a population-based cross-sectional study explored the correlation between menarche, menopausal age and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases in Chinese women. The study population was 6242 women aged 21-92 in Fujian Province, except those who were not menopausal, those who did not report menarche and menopausal age, those who did not report physical examination indicators, and the age of menarche<After 8 years of age or>20 years of age, the final study included 3304 menopausal women. Subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test, 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, and quantitative calcaneal ultrasound. The results showed no significant correlation between age at menarche, diabetes and osteoporosis. Delayed menarche (>18 years) was significantly associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease (OR＝0.71； 95%CI：0.57～0.89；P＝0.002)。 There was no association between menopausal age and diabetes mellitus; Delayed menopause is associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease; Early menopausal age (≤46 years) was associated with a high risk of osteoporosis (OR＝1.59； 95%CI：1.07～2.36；P＝0.023)。 Therefore, history of menarche and menopause can be associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013, 98: 1612-1621).

The American Heart Association recommends limiting salt intake to ≤1500 mg/d to benefit cardiovascular health. Although many studies have confirmed that salt intake is directly related to hypertension, few studies support its association with stroke risk. Recently, a 10-year study in the United States found that people with high salt intake are three times more likely to suffer from stroke than the general population. Through questionnaire survey and evaluation, among 2657 subjects, 12% had ≤1500 mg/d, 24% had 1501~2300 mg/d, 43% had 2301~3999 mg/d, and 21% had ≥4000 mg/d. The mean salt intake was (3031 ± 1470) mg/d and a total of 235 strokes were recorded in all study subjects over a 10-year period. Specifically, subjects with salt intake above 4000 mg/d had an increased risk of stroke (OR＝2.59，95%CI: 1.27-5.28), therefore, reducing salt intake is of great significance for the prevention of Stroke (Stroke, 2012, 43: 1200-1205).