2009年 · 第03卷第04期

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's lives, people's demand for health services has increased significantly. Faced with the threat of chronic non-communicable diseases to health and life, the importance of health management as a brand-new means of health service has been widely recognized. In a short time, various types of medical service institutions in China have launched various health management services. How to use the leverage of market economy to standardize the health management market has become an important task at present.

With the continuous progress of medical technology, the number of cancer patients who obtain long-term survival after treatment is increasing year by year^[1]They and those affected by them have developed into a specific population, and their health and social needs have become a social problem in developed countries such as the United States and have received increasing attention. It will be one of the core topics of the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. But in our country, there is still a lack of relevant research on this problem^[2], this paper aims to conduct a preliminary survey of the health needs of long-term cancer survivors.

With the improvement of people's living standard and the change of dietary structure, the incidence of fatty liver, obesity and hyperlipidemia is increasing year by year, which has seriously endangered people's health. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between fatty liver, BMI and hyperlipidemia in the healthy physical examination population in this area, and to provide evidence for the prevention of fatty liver.

Because focal calcification of the prostate often lacks typical clinical symptoms, it is difficult to detect by routine examination. With the popularization and improvement of ultrasound diagnosis technology, the detection rate of focal calcification of prostate is increasing day by day, second only to prostatic hyperplasia, and becomes one of the common prostate diseases in men^[1]。 Focal prostatic calcification was diagnosed in 784 cases of 2958 healthy male subjects by transabdominal prostatic ultrasound examination, and the age distribution was analyzed to explore the incidence of focal prostatic calcification, its causes and the correlation factors among different age groups.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's health needs, active pursuit of health, regular health examination has become the health choice of more and more people. However, at present, the health examination is still mainly organized by the unit and paid by the unit, and the proportion of self-paid physical examination is low. Relevant statistics show that about 80% of the physical examination population are unit physical examination, 10% are recruitment physical examination, and the proportion of individual self-funded physical examination is less than 10%^[1]。 How to meet people's increasing demand through policy formulation and adjustment, but also control the excessive rise of expenses, and promote the smooth development of health examination industry is a problem that needs to be studied. In view of this, this paper analyzes the willingness to pay for health examination services and its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for the reform of health examination payment system and the standardization and development of health examination industry.

Studies have shown that the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke will be significantly increased when the same individual has ≥2 risk factors, that is, when there are risk factors clustered^[1]。 We analyzed the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors among 906 middle-aged government officials, and evaluated their risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD).

health risk appraisal (HRA) is a quantitative assessment technique for the health status and risk of morbidity and/or mortality of individuals and/or groups^[1]。 Health management, as a new industry and gradually emerging new discipline, is to monitor and evaluate the health of individuals and/or groups, provide health consultation and guidance for people, intervene on health risk factors, and then achieve the purpose of preventing diseases and promoting health. As the core link and important content of health management, HRA technology plays a vital role in the success of health management.

China is a high incidence area of gastric cancer, and the number of deaths from gastric cancer accounts for 23.2% of all deaths due to cancer, nearly one quarter. Although the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have decreased in some countries and regions, so far, gastric cancer is still a common malignant tumor in humans, ranking second in tumor incidence and cancer mortality in the world. It is particularly noteworthy that in recent years, the number of gastric cancer patients in young adults in China has been increasing, and the percentage of gastric cancer patients aged 19-35 in the total number of gastric cancer has increased from 1.7% in the 1970s to 3.3%. Because young people's gastric cancer is highly malignant, develops rapidly, and is easy to be misdiagnosed, the diagnosis of gastric cancer is often advanced.

Engel GL. published a famous paper in the journal Science in 1977, in which he proposed a new model of health: health and disease are the result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors, namely the biological-psychological-social model^[1]。 The biological psychosocial model has broad influence in the health field after it is proposed, which leads to the movement of medical model transformation, that is, the traditional biomedical model turns to the contemporary biological psychosocial medical model, which makes the health field take place profound changes. Under the influence of this new medical model, people began to pay more attention to the psychological factors of health, and insisted on studying the health status of individuals or groups, the causes of diseases, pathological processes and corresponding intervention measures from physiological, psychological and social aspects.

Health risk assessment is the basic tool and core technology of health management. In the United States, it is the emergence of health risk assessment that has triggered the need for health management of the population; With the development of health risk assessment technology, health management has gradually developed into an interdisciplinary science between medical services and public health; It has formed a marginal science that includes and differs from epidemiology, statistics, behavioral medicine, preventive medicine, sociology, psychology, nutrition, physical education, health science, management science and other disciplines. Understanding the rise, development and application of health risk assessment technology in the United States is conducive to the development and construction of health management discipline in China, and it is also conducive to the steady progress and vigorous growth of health management industry in China.

At present, diabetes and its chronic complications have seriously affected human health. The major complications of diabetes have become the leading cause of disability and premature death in patients, and about $100 billion is spent annually on medical care for diabetes in the United States. Diabetes has become a major health care problem all over the world, and the research on the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications is the focus of international research in the latter 20 years of the 20th century.

With the improvement of people's living standards and the increasing emphasis on health, health management is gradually popularized in various medical institutions in China. As far as the current situation is concerned, physical examination, one of the links of health management, has been widely recognized, but the whole system of health management is still not perfect. The author believes that health management is a whole process from monitoring to intervention, involving investigation, analysis, detection, intervention, promotion and other comprehensive projects. Generally speaking, health management activities should include health examination activities, post-examination countermeasures, health promotion activities and health education.

The age of global population aging has arrived, and China has also stepped into an aging society early in 2000. Statistical analysis shows that the elderly population in China will grow at an average annual rate of 5.96 million in the first 20 years of this century, and the growth rate will reach 6.2 million people/year from 2020 to 2050. By 2050, the elderly population in China will exceed 400 million, and the aging level will reach over 30%, entering a stable and severe aging stage. Beijing's aging social problem is also very serious. In 1990, the elderly population in Beijing reached 1.09 million, accounting for 10.10% of Beijing's total population. Compared with the national level, it entered the ranks of aging cities 10 years earlier. In 2005, the sample survey of the elderly population in Beijing was 16.97%, reaching more than 2.61 million, which is enough to show the seriousness of Beijing's aging social problem and the arduous challenge faced by the health system. What is a geriatric doctor that needs to be addressed urgently right now? What is a geriatric hospital? What patients see a geriatric doctor? What are the differences between geriatric hospitals and general hospitals?

Health education is an important step in health management. After the health education class in nursing homes, combined with the supervision of nursing staff during hospitalization is conducive to the implementation of health behavior standardization. We conducted health education to 1200 convalescent workers, and summarized and analyzed the changes of their bad behaviors as follows.

How to build a general hospital charity foundation in China, through the social fundraising charity running funds, carry out charity medical assistance, provide a path for the development of charity. This paper reports on the construction of hospital charity assistance system and the specific implementation path as follows.

Regular physical examination has become an important part of people's health care as the health concept of "preventing disease early, treating disease early and preventing first" is deeply rooted in people's hearts^[1]。 With the rapid increase of the number of physical examination, the original physical examination mode can no longer meet the needs of the current physical examination business development^[2]。 In order to adapt to the new situation, we designed and developed the information management system of physical examination center on the basis of hospital information system (HIS) and combined with the characteristics of physical examination work in our hospital.

Some people think that medical complaints, as a passive information source to reflect the work of hospitals, reflect the needs and satisfaction of service objects for medical quality and service level. In this sense, medical complaints are actually an important resource to be ignored^[1]。 Pay attention to complaints, improve the factors causing complaints in time, and reduce complaints and disputes in detail, so as to achieve the effectiveness of management. In the past two years, 152 factors that may cause disputes have been recorded in the daily work of the physical examination center of our hospital. The classification of physical examination disputes and preventive measures are summarized as follows.

The best way to communicate is interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication in the narrow sense is person-to-person and face-to-face communication. Popular science education through lectures is a traditional form of popular science communication, but its charm is enduring. The main reason is that it is a kind of "face-to-face" interactive communication, with a strong sense of scene, a kind of in-person experience, which is the advantage that mass media such as television and radio do not have. This kind of communication, any participant has ample feedback opportunities, the most persuasive; Its characteristics are directness, many feedback opportunities, small scale and easy control.