2015年 · 第50卷第04期

The treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures with strong internal fixation technique has been widely used in China. After more than twenty years of experience and technical training, fracture treatment and internal fixation surgery have become more and more standardized. While the therapeutic effect has improved significantly, various complications associated with robust internal fixation, such as plate fracture, screw loosening, fracture infection, corrosive osteomyelitis, nonunion, and misalignment healing, have also been largely controlled. However, when it comes to condylar or condylar fractures, postoperative complications still occur frequently because of complex anatomy, variable outcome and difficult operation, and most complications are related to improper surgery. Now, the personal experience and opinion on the fixation and complication management of condylar fracture, which has attracted the most attention, are expounded for discussion.

progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA) is a rare dysfunctional syndrome characterized by chronic progressive maxillofacial tissue atrophy, characterized by atrophy of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone tissue on one side. The disease was first reported by Parry in 1825, and was described in detail by Romberg in 1846, so it is also called Parry-Romberg syndrome. In 1871 Eulemburg proposed the name PHA according to the law of the course of the disease and emphasized that the disease was acquired. At present, the etiology of PHA is unclear, and there is no consensus on the treatment plan. Now, the treatment plan is discussed based on the author's clinical experience.

The essence of craniomaxillofacial skeletal deformity is the abnormality of skeletal three-dimensional spatial relationship. Surgical treatment needs precise preoperative design and intraoperative positioning operation to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial relationship of craniomaxillofacial structure and obtain good aesthetic effect. The digital surgical technology, which is represented by computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacture (CAM), can provide accurate surgical design and guide the surgical progress for the treatment of complex craniomaxillofacial deformities, thus improving the surgical accuracy. CAD-CAM technology covers many fields such as orthognathic surgery, craniomaxillofacial surgery, craniomaxillofacial trauma surgery, tumor reconstruction surgery and temporomandibular joint surgery. The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, has applied this technique to treat a large number of craniomaxillofacial deformities for more than ten years, and obtained satisfactory results. This paper summarizes the application and experience of CAD-CAM technology through typical cases, and discusses its application value in the surgical treatment of craniofacial deformities.

Clinical skeletal class III malocclusionPatients with deformity mostly complain of unattractive face or poor oral function, and the need to improve appearance is more urgent^[1,2,3]。 Previous treatment of adult skeletal class III malocclusionCommon orthodontic treatment is orthodontic disguised treatment and orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment^[4,5]。 Orthodontic disguised treatment can avoid surgical trauma, but the effect of improving concave type is limited, and it is effective for severe skeletal class III malocclusionThe therapeutic effect is more unstable^[6]。 Preoperative orthodontics for classical orthodontic-orthognathic combination treatment take too long, Luther et al.^[7]The study showed that the average course of preoperative orthodontic treatment was 17 months (7-47 months), and the decompensation of anterior teeth at this stage could lead to continuous deterioration of facial aesthetics and oral function, which had a negative impact on patients' psychology and social interaction^[8]。 In this regard, our research group proposed the combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment plan in advance of surgery, that is, preoperative orthodontics can eliminate or reduce surgery in the shortest time (0~6 months)Interference, establish a relatively stable bite, and post-operative orthodontics complete most of the alignment, leveling, and tooth decompensation. Our research group applied the combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment regimen with advanced surgery to treat adult skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion without subtractionTwo cases of deformity, through rigorous tooth arrangement test to accurately predict the postoperative tooth movement, achieved good curative results, are reported as follows.

The incidence rate of craniomaxillofacial trauma accounts for 7% ~20% of total body trauma, and the injury is serious, often endangering the life of patients^[1,2]。 The treatment of craniomaxillofacial trauma often requires the cooperation of neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, anesthesiology and other disciplines to achieve satisfactory results. This paper reports three cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma admitted to the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, and discusses the reasonable and effective multidisciplinary interconnection treatment in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial trauma.

Condyle is one of the most predisposed fractures of mandible, and the fracture rate accounts for 26% ~57% of mandibular fractures^[1]Sagittal condylar fractures accounted for 4.8% ~29.1% of condylar fractures^[2]。 Sagittal condylar fracture is the main type of condylar fracture in children^[3]。 Improper or untimely treatment of condylar fracture in children can lead to complications such as occlusal disorder, limited mouth opening, joint ankylosis, and jaw development deformity. Therefore, the treatment of condylar fracture in children has been controversial for a long time. At present, although there is no uniform standard for the treatment of condylar fracture in children, most scholars prefer conservative treatment. Full dentition is now adopted in the Stomatology Department of the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong City, Shanxi ProvinceA case of sagittal condylar fracture in a child was conservatively treated with pad and mouth opening training, and the case was followed up for 13 consecutive years.

The National Symposium on Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathy was held in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province from June 27 to 28, 2014. This conference was jointly sponsored by the Traumatology Group and the Orthognathic Group of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Professional Committee of Chinese Stomatological Association, and hosted by the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. The conference received a total of 187 manuscripts, selected 48 conference speeches, and invited 11 experts to give keynote speeches. 259 delegates from 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country attended the meeting. President Wang Xing of Chinese Stomatological Association attended the whole meeting and gave a keynote speech.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that occurs in the supporting tissues of teeth. Plaque bacteria are the initiating factors of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalisPg) is recognized as one of the main periodontal pathogenic bacteria, and fimA typing is one of various typing methods of Pg. Since the fimA typing of Pg was proposed, the study of different fimA genotypes Pg has been one of the hot spots in the etiology research of periodontal diseases. Now, the fimA typing of Pg and its relationship with bacterial pathogenicity are reviewed.

bacterial biofilm is a micro-colony aggregate formed by a single bacterium or a plurality of bacteria to adapt to the environment. It can exist in water ecosystems, or on the surface of human digestive tract, respiratory tract and other pipeline systems. Bacteria in bacterial biofilms are encapsulated in extracellular matrix (ECM), thus constituting a special microenvironment with three-dimensional structure. ECM can promote the adhesion and aggregation of bacteria, facilitate the transport of nutrients and the excretion of metabolites, and mediate the exchange of genetic information, which makes biofilms different from planktonic bacteria and have stronger tolerance to environmental changes^[1]。 Therefore, biofilms often cause intractable bacterial infections. In human oral cavity, bacterial biofilm, namely plaque, which exists on the surface of natural teeth, implants and restorations, is the initiating factor of caries and periodontal disease. Although the mechanism of its formation and regulation has not been fully elucidated, it is currently considered that the participation of ECM components is one of the important mechanisms for plaque formation. Recent studies on bacterial biofilm have confirmed that extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an extracellular nucleic acid component in biofilm, which also plays an important role in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation^[2]。 Therefore, eDNA has attracted more and more researchers' attention. This paper reviews the eDNA in bacterial biofilm from several aspects: the source and release mechanism of eDNA, the position of eDNA in biofilm and the role of eDNA in biofilm formation.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome in which human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) invades the body's immune system, causing progressive decline in immune system function, leading to various opportunistic infections and tumorigenesis. Among them, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-related tumor^[1]。 A case of AIDS-related KS first diagnosed in the stomatology department is reported.