2015年 · 第50卷第02期

Caries is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Cariogenic bacteria produce acidic substances during metabolic processes, which dissolve and destroy dental hard tissues^[1]。 Caries is a continuous process of alternating demineralization and remineralization^[2]。 Caries are a result of disease development and are not a criterion for diagnosis. For a long time, researchers have been defining and studying caries lesions from the aspects of microorganisms, saliva, tooth mineral composition, tooth ultrastructure, development process, demineralization and remineralization process, and factors affecting remineralization^[1,2,3,4]。 This article will summarize the new ideas and research directions of caries.

acne fulminans (AF) is a rare skin disease in clinic, and only about 100 cases have been reported at home and abroad^[1]。 The disease is more common in adolescent men, and its clinical characteristics are sudden onset, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and joint pain, and the effect on antibiotic treatment is not good, and corticosteroid treatment has significant curative effect. Skin lesions are mainly on the chest and back, but can also appear on the face and neck. Local pain is obvious, which can form erosion and ulcer. Osteolytic destruction or increased bone scan intake on bone X-rays of the painful site^[1]。 Bone destruction is common in sternal lesions, while AF with alveolar bone destruction is rare. A case of AF with acute lytic destruction of local alveolar bone occurring in the cheek was admitted to the periodontal department of Peking University School of Stomatology and Stomatology Hospital. It has been followed up for 10 years and is reported below.

When the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is dislocated, the patient is unable to close the mouth, has pain in the preauricular area, has speech disorders, and has salivation. Patients with habitual dislocation of TMJ can cause joint dislocation due to mouth opening in daily life, and often need to go to hospital for reduction treatment. Patients are often in fear of joint dislocation^[1]。 At present, there are many methods to treat habitual dislocation of TMJ. Conservative therapies include external pterygoid muscle toxin injection, joint cavity and joint capsule blood injection, sclerosing agent injection, etc., with the purpose of limiting mandibular movement. The surgical methods are more diverse. Traditional surgical methods include joint capsule tightening, joint nodule enhancement (reduction) surgery, lateral pterygoidotomy, etc. Arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery includes joint capsule electrothermocoagulation, joint disc traction suture, etc^[1,2,3]。

Bisphosphonates are a kind of drugs that act on bone tissue and affect bone metabolism, and they are widely used in clinical practice. Alveolar bone is also a target organ for the action of bisphosphonate drugs. The alveolar bone is inevitably altered when bisphosphonate is used systemically in patients. With the continuous development of oral implant technology, the number of patients receiving oral implants is increasing day by day. Patients with certain systemic diseases are also no longer an absolute contraindication to oral implants. When bisphosphonate therapy and oral implant therapy occur in the same patient simultaneously or successively, the impact of bisphosphonate drugs on oral implants is worth paying attention to. The development, mechanism of action, effect on alveolar bone and effect on oral implants of bisphosphonates are reviewed in order to guide clinical practice.

infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the common tumors in children. 60% ~80% of the lesions involve the maxillofacial region. The incidence of neonatal IH is 2% ~3%^[1], rising to 10% around the age of 1 year, and the incidence of IH in premature infants with a body weight of less than 1 000 g is as high as 20%, with significantly higher incidence in females than in males, and the highest incidence in Caucasians. The disease has the following clinical characteristics: Usually, patients have no diseased tissue at birth, and red dotted lesions can be seen from 1 week to 1 month after birth. After that, the lesions enter a rapid growth phase, until the growth gradually slows down and enters a regression phase at about 1 year old. Most cases (about 70%) can completely resolve at about 7 years old, with only some fibrous adipose tissue remaining^[2]。 Histological studies have shown that proliferative hemangioma is composed of a large number of undifferentiated and mature endothelial cells into masses or cords, and a large number of hemangioma endothelial cells proliferate rapidly and new blood vessels form; The proliferation rate of endothelial cells in degenerative hemangiomas slowed down and apoptosis occurred, which were gradually replaced by fibroadipose tissue^[3]。

The 2014 Annual Meeting of the Professional Committee of Oral Mucosal Diseases and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Chinese Stomatological Association and the Academic Conference of Oral and Systemic Health Forum were held in Suzhou from April 25 to 27, 2014. This conference was co-sponsored by the Oral Mucosal Disease Professional Committee of Chinese Stomatological Association and the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Professional Committee of Chinese Stomatological Association, and hosted by West China Stomatological College of Sichuan University, Nanjing University Stomatological College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University. Nearly 200 delegates from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region attended the meeting. The opening ceremony was presided over by Professor Wang Wenmei, Chairman of the Professional Committee of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of the Chinese Stomatological Association. Professor Ruan Changgeng, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Soochow University School of Medicine, delivered a warm speech, wishing the conference a complete success. Professor Chen Qianming, Chairman of the Oral Mucosal Diseases Professional Committee of Chinese Stomatological Association, delivered an opening speech.

Cervical fusion syndrome, also known as Klippel-Feil syndrome, was first proposed by Klippel and Feil in 1912. The incidence rate is about 1/42 000, and 40% occurs in men^[1]。 The patients were mainly characterized by short neck with limited neck movement, low flat posterior hairline and congenital fusion of at least two cervical vertebrae, of which 32% presented with a typical triad. Many patients with this syndrome are also accompanied by other malformations, such as scoliosis (60% to 78%), high scapular deformity (26% to 30%), renal malformations (25% to 35%), torticollis (20%), neural tube defects (12% to 20%), cleft palate (10%), heart disease (3.5% to 14%) and ear malformations^[2,3,4,5]。 A case of cleft lip and palate surgery in West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University is reported as follows.

Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication in oral treatment, which can occur during impacted wisdom tooth extraction, periodontal treatment, crown restoration and filling, but subcutaneous emphysema occurring during root canal treatment in children is still rare. Subcutaneous emphysema occurred in a patient in the Department of Children's Stomatology, Peking University School of Stomatology and Stomatology Hospital during root canal treatment. An anatomical variation difficult to find on apical X-ray film was found by cone beam CT examination, which is reported below.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of rare histiocytic diseases with unknown etiology. It is manifested by the accumulation of pathological Langerhans cells in different tissues. The common organs are bones, lungs, skin, etc. It mostly occurs in children, especially infants and young children aged 1 to 3 years old, and it is more common in males than females. It is more common in the jaws of the alveolar bone below and/or near the alveolar bone at the onset site, and less common in adults with condylar LCH. One case was recently admitted to the Stomatological Center of Foshan First People's Hospital, and the report is as follows.