2026年 · 第42卷第05期

Hemifacial spasm refers to repeated paroxysmal and involuntary convulsions of one facial expression muscle (orbicularis oculi, expression muscle, orbicularis oralis). Its onset mostly occurs in the lower eyelid, gradually expanding to the cheeks to all expression muscles on one side of the face, and in severe cases, it can involve the neck muscles; Symptoms are generally aggravated when fatigue, emotional agitation or tension, and in severe cases, difficulty in opening eyes and skewed mouth corners may occur. Very few patients have bilateral disease, but generally do not have bilateral simultaneous onset^[1,2]。 In some patients, facial twitching is accompanied by pulsatile murmur in the ear^[3,4,5]。 Treatment modalities for hemifacial spasm include drug therapy, botulinum toxin (botulinum toxin for short) injection, and microvascular decompression (MVD). The Cranial Nerve Professional Group of Peripheral Nerve Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctors Association compiled the Guidelines for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm (2026 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines) by summarizing the latest research progress at home and abroad and combining clinical practice, hoping to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of hemifacial spasm, enhance the treatment effect, and finally improve the quality of life of patients.

Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor in the cranium. The annual incidence rate of glioma in China is 5/100,000~8/100,000, and the 5-year mortality rate ranks third among all tumors, second only to pancreatic cancer and lung cancer^[1]。 Among the primary brain malignant tumors, glioblastoma (GBM, World Health Organization Grade 4) has the highest incidence, accounting for about 50%, and the annual incidence rate is about 3.2/100,000; Followed by diffuse astrocytoma with an annual incidence rate of 0.5/100,000^[2]。