2017年 · 第11卷第03期

The problem of aging has become one of the highly concerned issues in the country and society. Under the background of combining medical care and nursing care, Liu Jing et al., through literature review, combined with the characteristics of community health services for the elderly and the content of health management services for the elderly, constructed the evaluation framework and index system of community health management services for the elderly from a qualitative and quantitative perspective, which provided a decision-making basis for further standardizing community health management services for the elderly.

At present, the gold standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes diagnosis is cumbersome and not suitable for large-scale screening of diabetic people. Fasting serum glucose test (FPG) is easy to miss the diagnosis of diabetic patients with postprandial blood glucose increase. The detection methods of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are not uniform, and the level of HbA1c detection in many areas can't meet the quality control standards. Human biostimulation feedback instrument is a non-invasive diabetes early screening device by measuring the concentration change of ions in sweat to evaluate sweat gland function, thus achieving the effect of diagnosing the risk of glucose metabolism. The evaluation of diabetes risk by using human biostimulation feedback instrument in 730 physical examiners in the physical examination center of Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health is reported as follows.

The overall prevalence of diabetes among people over 20 years old in China has reached 9.7%^[1,2]And became the largest country with diabetes. Diabetes has a hidden onset, a long course of disease, a high rate of disability and mortality, which brings great harm to public health. Using appropriate techniques to screen out high-risk people with diabetes and timely intervention can reduce the incidence of diabetes in this group. Through electrochemical detection of sweat glands and sympathetic nerve functions that innervate sweat glands, the human biostimulation feedback instrument calculates key parameters such as insulin resistance (IR) and abnormal glucose metabolism based on relevant data patterns, and then evaluates the risk of diabetes and screens people with high risk of diabetes^[3]。 Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the hemoglobin in the blood that binds to glucose, and can objectively reflect the average blood glucose level in the past 2 to 3 months. We analyzed the correlation between the results of the human biostimulation feedback instrument diabetes risk assessment test and HbA1c levels to explore the optimal population to be tested by this device.

Soybean food has many benefits to kidney function. Some animal model studies have shown that soybean food can prevent kidney disease and delay the deterioration of kidney function^[1,2,3]。 The renal function can be improved by replacing some meat with soybean food in patients with diabetic nephropathy^[4,5,6]。 The mechanism of soybean food plays a protective role in kidney lies in its unique nutritional components, including soybean unique amino acid components, soybean isoflavones and soybean polypeptides. Mainly by improving renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration function^[7,8,9]。 However, there is no unified conclusion on the addition amount of soybean food and the indication of kidney disease, so many doctors still do not recommend soybean and its products in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial to verify whether soybean food can improve blood lipid and renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and explore the appropriate amount of soybean food and the appropriate stage of soybean food addition in diabetic nephropathy.

There are about 15 million smokers between 13 and 18 years old in China, and not less than 40 million smokers try to smoke, and the smokers tend to be younger^[1]。 Because nicotine is highly addictive, 80% of adolescent smokers continue to smoke and have difficulty withdrawing as adults. Therefore, reducing the smoking rate among adolescents is the key to tobacco control. In 2013, the National Health and Family Planning Commission organized a national youth tobacco epidemic survey. This survey selected eight banners and counties in Inner Mongolia, and the survey results were representative at the provincial level. The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of smoking among adolescents in Inner Mongolia and the influencing factors of trying to smoke, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating tobacco control policies and intervention measures for adolescents.

As an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormone, iodine is one of the essential trace elements in human body. During pregnancy, pregnant women have increased iodine requirements and increased iodine excretion rates^[1]Once the intake of iodine is insufficient, it is easy to cause iodine deficiency in the body. However, the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women directly affects the growth and development of fetus^[2]。 A large number of studies have shown that iodine deficiency during pregnancy can not only cause miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth, but also lead to fetal brain dysplasia, resulting in serious adverse consequences such as neonatal intelligence and motor disorders^[3,4]。 Therefore, we should pay enough attention to the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women. Detection of urine iodine is a reliable index to evaluate the iodine nutritional status of the body. The urine iodine value of pregnant women can better reflect the iodine nutritional status of the mother and fetus^[5]。 This study aims to detect urine iodine in pregnant women in Qingdao area, so as to understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Qingdao area, and to analyze its influencing factors in depth.

With the continuous development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing year by year and becoming younger and younger, which has become a major social and public health problem in China^[1]。 The overall prevalence of diabetes in China is 9.7%. At present, about 92.4 million adults in China suffer from diabetes^[2]。 Under the background of modern medical model, the purpose of diabetes treatment is not only to control blood sugar level, but also to relieve disease symptoms, prevent and treat complications, help patients' psychological adaptation and improve their quality of life. Establishing good self-care behavior is the key to control the clinical symptoms of diabetes and improve the quality of life of patients^[3]。 In order to understand the current situation of self-care behavior of diabetic patients, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 600 patients with type 2 diabetes in Jiangdong District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from March to April, 2016, to explore the influencing factors of self-care behavior and provide scientific basis for formulating targeted intervention measures.

Health management refers to delaying or preventing the continued deterioration of chronic diseases and saving medical expenses by assisting patients to manage their own diseases, which is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Health management includes three processes: health testing, health assessment and health intervention. Health intervention as the implementation means mainly includes exercise intervention, diet intervention, psychological intervention and health education, among which exercise intervention is an important part of health intervention. Exercise intervention refers to regulating the intensity, frequency, time and type of exercise, adjusting the exercise habits of service objects, guiding them to carry out scientific fitness, and achieving the purpose of health promotion or chronic disease management. In exercise intervention, whether it is aerobic exercise or resistance exercise, it is necessary to have appropriate exercise intensity to achieve better exercise effect. If the exercise intensity of hypertensive patients is too high when recovering from the disease, it will lead to sympathetic nerve excitation, sharp increase in blood pressure and accelerated heart rate, thus causing stroke and angina pectoris, endangering the patient's life. Diabetic patients will have a sharp decrease in blood sugar due to excessive exercise intensity, resulting in hypoglycemic reaction. In addition, normal people and athletes will also be fatigued due to excessive intensity, which can easily cause knee joint injury and waist strain. However, although the exercise intensity is too low, it is not harmful to the body, but it can't achieve the exercise effect. Therefore, only appropriate exercise intensity can play a role in promoting health. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the exercise intensity during exercise, which not only helps the smooth execution of exercise prescriptions, but also avoids unreasonable exercise caused by blind training of service objects, but also evaluates the rationality of exercise prescriptions, and effectively avoids irreversible damage to the body (such as heart and lung) caused by excessive exercise intensity.

Stroke is a disease that seriously affects the health of middle-aged and elderly residents in China, and it is one of the diseases with the heaviest disease burden caused by chronic diseases at present. Strengthening the primary prevention of stroke and reducing the incidence of stroke are the main strategies to reduce the disease burden. In order to strengthen the primary prevention of stroke and explore the effective path of primary prevention of stroke, Huangpi District launched the "Early Warning of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Health Management" project in 2015, and began to explore the primary prevention path of stroke under the health association mode. The top three hospitals work closely with community medical and health institutions to carry out screening of high-risk stroke groups in hospitals and communities, and intervene and manage the screened high-risk stroke groups. Up to now, more than 7,500 cases have been screened, and more than 3,000 cases of high-risk stroke have been screened. Intervention management has been carried out in combination with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the community, and initial results have been achieved. Now summarize and discuss the development of this work.

In order to curb the development trend of chronic diseases, in 2009, the Beijing Municipal Government formulated and implemented the "Healthy Beijingers-Ten-Year Action Plan for National Health Promotion (2009-2018)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Ten-Year Plan"), and put forward nine health actions and 11 health indicators. It is hoped that through 10 years of efforts, health promotion strategies will be used to cope with the challenges of chronic diseases, and the goal of "Healthy Beijingers" will finally be achieved by popularizing health knowledge, mobilizing citizens to participate in health actions, and providing health protection by the government.

On February 25, 2017, the re-election meeting of the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Health Management and the first plenary meeting of the third editorial board were held in Beijing. Rao Keqin, Vice President and Secretary General of Chinese Medical Association, Bai Shuzhong, Chairman of China Health Promotion Foundation, Jiang Yongmao, President of Chinese Medical Association Magazine, Jin Dong, Vice President of Chinese Medical Association Magazine, Zeng Qiang of Health Management Research Institute of PLA General Hospital, and more than 100 people attended the meeting, including the editorial board and the correspondence editorial board.