2014年 · 第08卷第03期

With the aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease has become the number one killer threatening the health and even life of the elderly. Zhou Dongsheng's research started with lifestyle to explore the harmful factors and protective factors affecting Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. Wang Ling conducted a 2-year community nursing intervention to 76 caregivers of home-based Alzheimer's disease patients in 2 communities in Shinan District, Qingdao, which improved the quality of life of caregivers.

After the whole people iodized salt in China, the endemic goiter with a high incidence has been basically eliminated, but thyroid disease is still a common disease in the field of endocrine. At present, more than 300 million people worldwide suffer from thyroid disease, but 50% of them are unaware of the disease. thyroid nodule is also a common clinical thyroid disease. Epidemiological surveys showed that thyroid nodules were found in palpation in 1% of men and 5% of women in areas with sufficient iodine^[1]。 The detection rate of thyroid nodules will be higher when high-definition B-ultrasound is applied in randomly selected populations. The purpose of examining thyroid nodules is to rule out and detect thyroid cancer. The detection rate of thyroid cancer in thyroid nodules is 5% ~15%^[2]。 In order to understand the incidence and influencing factors of thyroid nodular disease in Karamay area, we carried out an epidemiological investigation of thyroid nodules in Karamay area. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows.

Changzhi is located in the old district of Taihang, Shanxi Province, and the number of elderly people accounts for 11% of the total population. At present, the nation's aging population is increasing at an annual rate of 3.2%^[1]The huge elderly group has an increasing demand for old-age care, medical care, social services and other aspects. As a vulnerable group in the community, the elderly deserve more health care services. From October 2009 to February 2011, we conducted a study on the elderly in urban and rural communities in Changzhi City, aiming at understanding the current quality of life of the elderly and community care needs, so as to implement targeted care measures to meet their needs.

Childhood asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory inflammation in clinic. Epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence of asthma is on the rise in recent years^[1]。 At present, the main clinical method for treating childhood asthma is drug therapy. Although the curative effect is obvious, there are still certain difficulties in radical cure, and it needs to take drugs for a long time, which will bring certain adverse effects on children's health and growth. Recurrent asthma attacks have obvious effects on daily activities and quality of life of children, and increase family burden and social medical consumption. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply analyze the related factors of asthma and prevent and control the risk factors for controlling the incidence of asthma in children and improving the quality of life. In this study, the medical records of children with asthma admitted to our hospital from February 2009 to February 2013 were selected, and the risk factors were analyzed, in order to provide reference and basis for clinical treatment. The report is as follows:

According to the definition given by the WHO in 2009, it is called infertility if both men and women have lived together for more than one year, have normal sexual life and have not used contraceptive measures, and still fail to conceive^[1]。 Since the 21st century, the treatment of infertility has shifted from simple medication and surgical treatment to a series of comprehensive intervention models, including early assessment, etiological treatment, assisted reproductive technology, psychological rehabilitation and family visits, which are collectively referred to as "infertility management" model^[2]。 By establishing a good monitoring, evaluation, treatment, observation and intervention system, this model not only greatly increases the proportion of natural conception, but also effectively controls sexually transmitted diseases, treats male reproductive tract diseases and female chronic pelvic inflammation. The medical investment of patients has been significantly reduced, and the burden on families and society has been reduced^[3,4]。

At present, the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism is as high as diabetes, and it is increasing year by year. This study retrospectively analyzed the physical examination data of young and middle-aged armed police officers who participated in physical examination from March to May 2012, aiming to understand the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism among teachers and cadres, analyze its main risk factors, and provide theoretical basis for formulating corresponding intervention measures.

Adolescents are at high risk of accidental injury, and accidental injury is the main cause of early death and disability. Drowning, traffic accident, suicide and homicide are the top four causes of accidental death among adolescents aged 10 to 19 in China^[1]。 Analyzing the epidemic characteristics of adolescents' accidental injury behavior has important practical significance for strengthening the prevention and control of adolescents' injury and promoting the health management of adolescents^[2,3]。 We intend to take the survey data of adolescent accidental injury in a district of Beijing as an example to provide evidence for behavioral intervention measures related to adolescent accidental injury.

In recent ten years, the research of health literacy has developed rapidly, and it has become one of the important evaluation indicators of health education work effectiveness, and an important reference basis for measuring the level of national health literacy. Many European and American countries have listed health literacy as one of the important indicators of future health care strategies. At present, improving health literacy is also listed as one of the goals and main tasks of building a harmonious socialist society in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to evaluate health literacy scientifically and effectively, especially to carry out simple, economical and effective rapid evaluation.

China's economy has soared since 1978, becoming the second largest economy in the world. However, compared with developed countries, the total cost of China's service industry, especially medical and health services, is relatively low as a percentage of GDP. Therefore, increasing the government's investment in national medical and health services is an important measure to adjust the economic structure, and also an important link to ensure the sustainable and rapid development of China's economy. It should also become an organic part of the "people's livelihood project" that the Chinese government is committed to carrying out.

Health management is a hot research area worldwide. It is of important reference value for health management research in China to sort out the international research hotspots and the evolution of research contents in this field in time. Domestic scholars have used Citespace Ⅱ to analyze the characteristics of domestic research in detail^[1]。 With the help of bidirectional clustering bibliometric method, this paper analyzes the literature on health management from 2004 to 2013 collected in PubMed, an international authoritative biomedical literature database, and draws a visual analysis result diagram, which more clearly expresses the microscopic research direction of this research field, and provides a basis for domestic scholars to compare the research characteristics at home and abroad.

Health management activities originated from the clinical prevention services carried out in western countries such as the United States and Canada. It is a process of comprehensively detecting, analyzing, evaluating and predicting the health status and various health risk factors of individuals or groups based on the health needs of people with different health conditions, providing professional health consultation and guidance services to people, putting forward corresponding health plans, coordinating the actions of individuals, organizations and society, and then systematically intervening and managing various health risk factors^[1]。 According to the data of the Sixth National Census, 177 million people aged 60 and above in China, accounting for 13.26%, of which 118 million people aged 65 and above, accounting for 8.87%. With the ageing of the population in China, the development of health management services for the elderly is of great practical significance to meet the health needs of the elderly in China.

Chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD) refers to long-term diseases that can hardly be cured. These diseases are often expensive for medical treatment, with high morbidity, disability and mortality. At present, they often refer to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental and psychological diseases, etc. With the acceleration of industrialization, urbanization and aging, there are more than 200 million hypertensive patients, 120 million obese patients, 97 million diabetic patients and 22 million hypercholesterolemic patients in China, and more than 260 million patients with chronic diseases have been diagnosed. The deaths caused by chronic diseases account for 85% of the total deaths of our residents, and the disease burden caused by chronic diseases accounts for 70% of the total burden^[1]And seriously threaten that life and health of our residents. Health is determined by complex and changeable multiple factors, and these multiple factors are closely related to the occurrence and prevalence of chronic diseases. Therefore, the prevention and control of chronic diseases can be based on the control of multiple determinants of health.