2010年 · 第04卷第01期

The physical examination in the real sense of our country should be traced back to the mid-1990s, which is also the period of rapid economic rise in our country, and the demand of Chinese people for self-health physique has also changed. People no longer wait for the idea of early treatment, early diagnosis and early treatment after the appearance of physical symptoms, but pay great attention to self-health risk factors, psychological conditions, asymptomatic underlying diseases, intervention and regulation of chronic diseases, etc. We have seen that in the past five years, the number of health examination institutions and the number of people conducting health examinations have increased far beyond people's imagination, thus giving birth to the establishment and development of health management discipline. And it is this exponential growth that makes the health examination industry in the development stage show a variety of problems^[1]。 For example, there are no clear standards for the access of health examination institutions, no unified industry norms and technical standards, infinite expansion of items in health examination, single and confusing evaluation methods after physical examination, only measures for post-examination intervention but no implementation, simplification of information management system, etc. In a sense, it has restricted the further development of health examination industry and the trust and hope of health examiners in health examination institutions. In order to implement the fundamental interests of promoting the all-round development of Chinese people and building a harmonious society, truly improve the health of the whole people, and guide the rapidly rising health examination industry to the track of standardized and orderly development, on August 18th, 2009, the Ministry of Health issued the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Health Examination (referred to as the Provisions). The promulgation of the Provisions has indeed played an important guiding role in correcting the problems existing in the current health examination industry.

At present, information technology has become an important support of (nervous system) for health examination and health management. With the rapid development and progress of health management discipline and related industries, its important role will be more and more evident.

With the continuous progress and development of social civilization and the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the consciousness of health care has been paid more and more attention by people. At the same time, the fast pace, high pressure and high income of modern urban life have also made more and more working-class people pay more attention to health, thus giving birth to huge business opportunities in the health examination market, which has become a new economic growth point in the medical market, and gave birth to the rapid development of the health examination industry. All kinds of physical examination institutions have also sprung up, which means that competition from the physical examination industry will become more and more fierce. However, behind the rapid development of this industry, there are some hidden problems that cannot be ignored. At present, most physical examination institutions mainly focus on health examination, and post-examination service is a weak link in their health management. Physical examination is only the first step, and the follow-up service of physical examination is the top priority. Improving the follow-up service process of physical examination is an effective way for hospitals to grasp patient resources, enhance service capabilities and improve hospital benefits. How to improve the follow-up service of physical examination quickly, effectively and timely, so as to improve health management, is a concern of various institutions, and it is also the commanding height for many institutions. The information management of post-inspection service provides an ideal way for this. Information management is essentially to realize the patient-centered information management system of the whole institution.

In the increasingly fierce competition today, health issues have become the hotspot and focus of public attention. With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, people's health awareness has been strengthened day by day, and paying attention to health has become the common demand of the whole society. Sir Muir Gray, chairman of the NHS, said: In the 21st century, knowledge is a key factor in improving health. People need clean water and have the same power to need complete and clear knowledge^[1]。 In the course of medical practice, patients will become more proactive and will dominate the 21st century health care system, whereas in the 20th century this is dominated by health care professionals. In recent years, health management, especially the overall medical health management is in the ascendant. The author puts forward and advocates the implementation of health design concept in the health management system to improve the effectiveness of health management.

How to define "health management" accurately is one of the most fundamental problems in the development of health management in China. Definition is to describe or standardize the essential attributes of the object reflected by a concept, reveal the connotation of the concept, and answer what is^[1]。 At present, there are many definitions of health management in writing in China, which are scattered in various media including magazines, newspapers and the Internet. There are at least six published definitions of health management in China^[2,3,4]。

Health and productivity management has attracted more and more attention from all countries, and it is gradually developing as the main form of group health and an important way to promote sustainable social and economic development^[1]。 Many enterprises have recognized the importance of employee health to productivity, economic benefits and competitiveness. In order to understand the main risk factors affecting the health of banking employees, differentiated health management is carried out. We analyze the data of bank employees who underwent physical examination in our center from October 2007 to September 2008, and report it as follows.

With the development of society and economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the change of modern dietary structure and the decrease of physical activity, the prevalence of obesity in both developed and developing countries, among adults and children, is increasing at an alarming rate^[1]。 Obesity is not only a risk factor for many chronic diseases, it is also a disease state in itself. Obese people have a higher risk of death from diseases such as diabetes, cirrhosis, stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer and trauma than normal weight people^[2]。 Therefore, it is of great significance to further prevent and control obesity by analyzing the anthropometric values of healthy physical examination people and understanding the prevalence and characteristics of obesity in healthy physical examination people.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gradually increasing. This study aims to investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities and NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.

Hypertension is a common and frequently occurring disease that seriously endangers human health and life. It is closely related to lifestyle and has become one of the major public health problems faced by the world. At present, about 1 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension, or one in four adults suffers from hypertension. According to the prediction of the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases will account for 79% of the causes of death in China by 2020, among which cardiovascular diseases will be the first^[1]。 The results of three national sampling surveys of hypertension in 1958-1959, 1979-1980 and 1991 and the "2002 Survey of Nutrition and Health Status of Chinese Residents" showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the population over 15 years old was 5.1%, 7.7%, 13.6% and 17.6% respectively. After standardized treatment, the increasing trend still exists^[2]。 According to the 2000 Chinese population census data, the number of hypertensive patients in the population over 18 years old is close to 170 million, which is double the estimated 90 million hypertensive patients over 15 years old in 1991^[3]。 However, what is more worrying is that while facing the severe situation of high prevalence, high disability and high mortality of hypertension, there are still problems that need to be solved urgently with low awareness rate, low treatment rate and low control rate of patients.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common female malignant tumors. The incidence rate ranks second in female malignant tumors and first in gynecological malignant tumors after breast cancer^[1]。 There are about 500,000 new cases worldwide each year, with developing countries accounting for about 80 percent^[2]According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, there are about 131,500 new cases in China every year, accounting for 1/4 of the world's total. Therefore, it is very important to raise health awareness, conduct gynecological physical examination and detect cervical lesions early. The "three steps", namely cervical exfoliative cytology-electronic colposcopy-cervical histopathology, are routine diagnostic techniques for screening, diagnosing and treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer generally recognized by scholars at home and abroad^[3]。

Health management first arose in the United States^[1], and was introduced into China in the early 21st century^[2]。 In less than 10 years, the health management industry has shown a booming development momentum in China. However, the practice of health management in China precedes the theory, and many health management related institutions still lack a unified understanding of the essence of health management. This paper attempts to expound the definition of health from the perspective of the historical evolution of the definition of health, and at the same time introduces the development of corresponding health measurement methods, in order to have a comprehensive and objective understanding of health and its measurement methods, and further help people to correctly understand health management and carry out health management practice.

As a methodology, epidemiology has a wide range of applications, which involves almost all major disciplines of social sciences, natural sciences and medical sciences. Health management is no exception, with strong links to epidemiology. Scientific health management decision-making depends on whether managers can accurately collect data, accurately assess health risks, and then put forward reasonable health intervention measures, and further evaluate the intervention effect. If health managers can't effectively grasp these points, then the decisions made will be blind, even wrong, and must be unscientific decisions. To do this, managers must have the ability to apply the basic methods of epidemiology. Therefore, as an important means and tool of health management, epidemiological theories and methods play a very important role in health management work, and at the same time have wide application value. This paper will introduce the application of epidemiological theories and methods in health management research.

Under the leadership of Chairman Bai Shuzhong and the joint efforts of all members, the Health Management Branch of Chinese Medical Association (hereinafter referred to as the branch) mainly completed the following work in 2009.

Faculty and staff of medical colleges have certain advantages in health resources and health consciousness, but lack of scientific and effective organization and management, health status is still not optimistic, this study tries to make an in-depth analysis of the relationship between health status and health management of faculty and staff of medical colleges from an academic perspective.

Health management is the whole process of comprehensive monitoring, analysis, evaluation, health counseling and guidance and intervention on health risk factors of individuals or groups. The purpose of health management is to mobilize the enthusiasm of individuals and groups and the whole society, and effectively use limited resources to achieve the maximum health effect. The specific approach of health management is to provide targeted scientific health information for individuals and people (including governments) and to create conditions for action to improve health^[1]。 Health management is one of the main work of community health service institutions. Moreover, it is a work involved by all employees, involving the management behavior and service behavior of community health service institutions.