2014年 · 第48卷第12期

vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare developmental intracranial vascular malformation, accounting for 1% of intracranial arteriovenous aneurysmal malformations, and the prevalence of VGAM in fetal period accounts for 30% of systemic vascular malformations^[1]。 Prenatal diagnosis is important because of its potentially lethal nature^[2]。 At present, fetal ultrasound is widely used, especially Doppler ultrasound can detect the arterial and venous blood flow located in the posterior VGAM of the third ventricle. Fetal MRI can clearly show VGAM lesions and their complications^[3]The author retrospectively analyzed the MRI images of 3 cases of fetal VGAM to explore the value of fetal MRI in the diagnosis of VGAM.

dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum is a benign tumor originating from the cerebellar cortex. Because of its low prevalence, there are few literature reports at home and abroad, and most of them are case reports. Many doctors have insufficient understanding of this. The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and MRI manifestations of 5 cases of cerebellar dysplastic ganglionoma confirmed by pathology, so as to improve the understanding of this disease.

At present, endovascular embolization is the main treatment for massive and repeated hemoptysis. The main source of hemoptysis comes from the bronchial artery (BA). Normal BA originated from the descending aorta at the level of thoracic 5~6; BA of origin other than here is called vagal, ectopic, or abnormal origin, with a prevalence of 8% to 36%^[1,2,3,4,5]。 There have been many reports on vagal BA, but BA originating from the superior wall of the aortic arch is rarely reported at home and abroad^[2,3,4,5,6]。 The leakage of vagal BA can lead to the failure of embolization therapy. Therefore, the author reported the anatomy and embolization of BA in 12 patients with hemoptysis, hoping to help to understand this point.

intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), means that the growth of the fetus has not reached a genetically possible level. Clinically, the weight of the fetus is lower than the average weight of the fetus of the same gestational age. Two standard deviations. IUGR is associated with increased prevalence and long-term effects of stillbirth, neonatal death, and perinatal neonates, and is one of the major perinatal complications. There are many causes of IUGR, which are closely related to pregnant women, fetus, placenta, umbilical cord and other factors, but most of them can be manifested in the pathological changes of placenta and its appendages. At present, the generally accepted pathogenesis is that various factors act on the placenta, affecting the blood supply and material exchange of the placenta, thus affecting the function of the placenta and the growth and development of the fetus.

The patient was a 25-year-old male. He came to our hospital on December 10, 2012 due to paroxysmal left limb twitching with loss of consciousness for 1 month. After several minutes of each convulsion, the patient's symptoms relieved spontaneously, and his consciousness regained. After the attack, he felt headache and limb weakness, and had no memory of the attack process. Physical examination: muscle strength and tone of limbs were normal, knee reflex (+ +), and bilateral Babinsky sign was negative.

A 78-year-old male was found to be a liver cyst for more than 8 months. CT plain scan showed a huge cystic-solid mixed space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, 18.2 cm ×15.5 cm. The tumor showed large cystic cavity with polycystic cavity changes, the thickness of the cystic wall was uneven, and nodular shadows were visible, scattered stripes of increased density shadows, and more low density shadows were visible around the tumor (Figure 1）。 The enhancement scan showed continuous and progressive enhancement of the cyst wall and periparietal nodules, but no obvious enhancement was found in the intracapsular strips (Figure 2）。 Two small low-density nodules were seen in the left lobe of the liver. The enhanced coronal reconstruction image showed that the tumor invaded the abdominal wall and broke through the diaphragm (Figure 3）。

MRI has become an indispensable and important prenatal imaging method for fetus because of its advantages such as no radiation, high tissue signal contrast, large scanning range and not affected by scanning angle, fetal depth, amniotic fluid volume, posture and fetal position of pregnant women, and is the best auxiliary method for prenatal ultrasound examination.

1983 Smith et al.^[1]Fetal MRI is reported for the first time. However, due to the long scan time, the development of fetal MRI is limited. In 1996, the application of rapid scan sequence in fetal clinical MRI was reported abroad^[2]Fetal MRI is gradually becoming popular abroad. In China, low-field (0.35 T) equipment began to be used for fetal MRI studies in the 1990s^[3]After about 2000, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Wuhan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Medical Imaging and Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine respectively applied 1.5 T MRI equipment to fetal clinical examination, which made up for the deficiency of prenatal fetal ultrasound examination. Since then, domestic fetal MRI has developed rapidly, showing a prosperous situation. China's national conditions have higher requirements and greater pressure on fetal imaging examination, which also promotes the popularity of fetal MRI examination. At present, not only many comprehensive hospitals and children's hospitals in China are carrying out fetal MRI, but also many obstetrics and gynecology hospitals and maternal and child health hospitals that were originally not equipped with MR equipment have also bought equipment to carry out fetal MRI examination projects, and they are likely to become the main force of fetal MRI examination.