coarctation of aorta refers to congenital hemodynamically significant localized luminal stenosis or occlusion near the opening of the arterial duct or the arterial ligament and the upper descending aorta. According to foreign statistics, it accounts for 4% ~6% of all kinds of congenital heart diseases, slightly more common in men, and very few patients have family history. The etiology is not yet clear, but it may be related to the coarctation of the isthmic aortic wall caused by the contraction of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue of the duct wall during the closure of the duct arterious. According to the anatomical relationship between the coarctation segment of aorta and the arterial ligament or ductus arteriosus, it can be divided into two types: pre-ductal type and post-ductal type. The preductal coarctation segment is located proximal to the arterial ligament or ductus arteriosus, which is less common, accounting for about 10%. About half of them are accompanied by other cardiovascular congenital malformations, so this type is also called infantile aortic coarctation. The retroductal type is located at the distal end of the arterial duct or ligament, which is relatively common, accounting for about 90%. Abundant collateral circulation is formed between the proximal and distal aortas in the coarctation segment, and other congenital cardiovascular malformations are rarely combined. Most patients can grow into adulthood. This type is also called adult aortic coarctation.
