2015年 · 第24卷第01期

When a medical technology emerges independently from the medical field as a professional discipline, it is bound to have many forms of manifestation, but the common denominator will actively organize the establishment of professional societies. But to establish a professional society, it is usually established in the general medical association where it was originally located. Although professional societies have set up a stage for dissemination and communication to promote the development of professional disciplines, without the strong support of medical associations and local branches, there will be no continuous growth of professional societies, which will lead to the rapid development of professional disciplines. The establishment of the Radiation Oncology Society and the development of the discipline have also gone through this process. As the Chinese Medical Association is about to celebrate its centenary, looking back at the past and reviving history is not only a memory of the dead or predecessors, but also an inspiration and encouragement for the living or newcomers.

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in the world and the first tumor-related death. Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatments for lung cancer. It is reported in the literature that about 61% of patients need to receive at least one course of radiotherapy within 5 years after diagnosis^[1]。 Radiotherapy has an obvious dose-effect relationship in lung cancer. With the increase of irradiation dose, the risk of local recurrence decreases correspondingly^[2,3]。 However, the increase in radiotherapy dose in lung cancer is limited by normal tissue toxicity, of which RILI is one of the most important dose-limiting toxicities.

The positioning error of radiotherapy in patients with thoracic tumors is related to many factors. In order to reduce the positioning error, many scholars improve the accuracy of radiotherapy by improving patient fixation^[1,2]。 However, some studies suggest that body mass index (BMI) is positively correlated with total error^[3]。 In this study, we measured the positioning error of patients with different BMI, and compared the effect of positioning correction rate on positioning accuracy within different error ranges.

Intratumoral vascular structural and functional abnormalities and intratumoral oxygen partial pressure or oxygen diffusion disorders can lead to hypoxia in malignant solid tumors^[1]。 Hypoxia can induce the initiation of a series of complex gene expression programs, which are often mediated by HIF-1 α. Carbonic anhydrase IX is a target gene downstream of HIF-1 α associated with tumor hypoxia. It has been found that HIF-1 α and carbonic anhydrase IX are highly expressed in many kinds of malignant tumor tissues, and the expression status of HIF-1 α and carbonic anhydrase IX is correlated with tumor development, radiation and chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis^[2,3]。 In this study, the expression of HIF-1 α and carbonic anhydrase IX protein in 129 nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens was detected, and the relationship between the expression status of HIF-1 α and carbonic anhydrase IX protein and the clinicopathological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the prognosis of patients was investigated.

CT simulator calibration is an intuitive method to compare the measurement errors of two sets of CT pictures. IGRT's CBCT technology can not only calibrate the position online, but also further analyze the error between efficacy, helping to implement precise radiotherapy^[1]。 The purpose of this study is to verify that the reference point should be closer to the target center position, the better, by finding the relationship between the spatial distance between the tumor center point and the localization reference point in two position verification methods^[2]。

SBRT is a low-fractionation, accurate use of high-dose, fractionable radiotherapy technique for body tumors^[1]It has the characteristics of concentrated dose distribution in the tumor target area, large dose gradient change around the target area and small amount of normal tissue around the target area, etc., and is currently widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, with comprehensive treatment for the treatment of advanced tumors, the LC rate of disease has been improved to a certain extent. At this time, the treatment of distant metastases will more affect the quality of life and even survival time of patients. The liver is one of the most common organs of tumor metastasis, and only a few patients are suitable for liver metastasis resection^[2]More and more patients with liver metastatic cancer choose to receive local radiotherapy to the liver and achieve obvious efficacy^[3]。 Many studies at home and abroad have used SBRT for the treatment of liver metastases such as rectal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer^{[4,5,6,7,8,9]}。 The application of SBRT in the treatment of liver metastases is reviewed below.

Radiotherapy simulated localization is a key step in tumor radiotherapy. At present, CT-based simulated localization system is mainly used for radiotherapy localization. Compared with traditional X-ray simulator, CT realizes three-dimensional imaging, provides rich anatomical information and electron density information, and is the basis of three-dimensional radiotherapy technology at present. However, the soft tissue resolution of CT images is low, especially for tumors in prostate, head and neck, pelvic cavity, spinal cord and other soft tissue areas (about 30% to 35% of all radiotherapy cases). Tumor localization of these organs often requires fusion of MRI or PET images. Because the patient's position during MRI or PET examination is inconsistent with that during simulated positioning CT in radiotherapy department (except PET-CT), the image fusion process is complex, inefficient and low registration accuracy. Moreover, the scanning emphasis of each department is different. The diagnostic department pays attention to lesion identification, while radiotherapy positioning requires spatial position accuracy and repeatability of positioning. Therefore, diagnostic MRI is not suitable for accurate radiotherapy positioning. In recent years, many scholars have devoted themselves to the research and development of MRI simulated localization technology. This paper summarizes the application value of MRI in radiotherapy localization, the implementation mode of MRI simulated localization, the design of MRI imaging sequence, the existing problems and solutions in MRI simulated localization in recent years, and clarifies the future research direction of MRI simulated localization.

The frost has just passed the cold in the north, and Jinling is dimmed by the warm lights. The first plenary meeting after the re-election of the seventh new editorial board of this magazine was held in Nanjing International Expo and Convention Center in the ancient capital on October 24th, 2014. President Jiang Yongmao of the Journal of Chinese Medical Association attended the meeting and gave a guiding speech. Editor-in-chief Li Yexiong presided over the meeting and summarized the main work of the magazine during the last session and the future development plan of the magazine.

From October 17th to 19th, 2014, the 5th Cancer Precision Chemoradiotherapy Specification and Global Cancer Radiotherapy Progress Forum jointly sponsored by Beijing Anti-Cancer Association Cancer Radiotherapy Professional Committee, Beijing Medical Association Radiation Oncology Branch, Beijing Medical Association Radiotherapy Department Expert Committee and Peking University School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology was held in the Science Lecture Hall of Peking University Cancer Hospital as scheduled.