Volume 46 ·  Issue 06 ·  2010

Early detecting and diagnosing primary glaucoma is helpful to reduce blindness and sever visual impairment from primary glaucoma.Opportunistic screening is an effective approach to early find more patients of primary glaucoma. Opportunistic screening means ophthalmologist intentionally find glaucoma patients by the necessary examinations in the individuals who come to hospital due to health physical examination or other diseases.Opportunistic screening should be one part of routine eye examination.Since primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG)and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)are the different kinds of glaucoma with obvious different clinical features and pathogenesis,the method of opportunistic screening should be also different for them.The concept of continuum of development of PACG and POAG is important for conducting the opportunistic screening for primary glaucoma.The screening test and diagnostic test should be distinguished in the opportunistic screening.The selected screening test should be simple and easily performance.Development of human resource for primary slaucoma is also important for opportunistic screening for primary glaucoma.

Many problems in study designs have affected the validity of scientific researches seriously.We must undemtand the methodology of research,especially clinical epidemiology and biostatistics,and recognize the urgency in selection and implement of right study design.Thereafter we can promote the research capability and improve the overall quality of scientific researches.

Tube shunt or glaucoma drainage device is often used in refractive cases when prior medical or surgical therapy has failed.With improving the biocompatibility of devices'materials and surgical technique,indications for tube shunt have broadened.This article discusses the update topic that could tube shunt be as initial surgery for glaucoma management? Based on large varieties of previously published results,tube shunt can be the first choice for refractive glaucoma,however,at prevent there still lack of strong evidences from multi-center randomized clinical trials especially from domestic research to support that tube shunt can substitute primary trabeculectomy for expanded use beyond refractory glancoma.

Editor's Note Medical education is a kind of lifelong education. Besides constantly renewing knowledge in the course of clinical practice, every physician should be able to teach young physicians and exchange experiences. We organized focus debate at the teaching session of the annual meeting of ophthalmology organized by the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, hoping to provide a platform for physicians to teach and learn. Through the preparation of debate and on-site demonstration, we can show the clinical thinking ability, expression ability, rapid understanding ability and team cooperation ability of the debating physicians.

Objective To investigate the medication adherence and modulation factors of medication adherence in long-term treated glaucoma patients. Methods It was a cross-sectional study.One hundred glaucoma patients who have been followed-up for more than 6 month in the Second Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University were investigated with questionnaires and interview.The data was analyzed by binary logistic regression and X2 test.Results In the 100 glaucoma patients being ivestigated,the medication compliance of patients is 61(61.0%),the medication non-compliance of patients is 39(39.0%).Age,gender,habitat,glaucoma types,surgical history,inquesting patient before writing out a prescription and informing them the methods for application of eyedrops were not significantly co-related with medication adherence(X2=0.718,0.537,0.338,3.797,0.338,0.297,0.157;P>0.05).Intraocular pressure before treatment,types of eyedrops,instillation of eye-drops to the eyelids,request for help during application of eyedrops,rechecking regularly and confidence in glaucoma treatment were found significantly related to medication adherence(P=0.013,0.005,0.005,0.012,0.011,0.004).However,drug side effect,forgetting application of eyedrops and inconvenience to see a doctor was considered the most important factors by patients in the interview.Conclusions Glaucoma physicians should discuss with patients about the methods for the application of glaucoma medication.This can improve the medication adherence of glaucoma patients and promote the therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate clinical outcomes of non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPTS)and trabeculectomy surgery (TS) in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods It was a case-control study.A total of 63 patients (63 eyes) with POAG were observed retrospectively.Thirty one eyes and 32 eyes underwent NPTS and TS,respectively.Intraocular pressure(IOP),filtration bleb,visual field and post-operative complications were observed for 6-60 months.The CMH X2 test was used to analyse the difference of them.Results After operation.the IOP in the NPTS group were from(13.87±4.88)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) to (24.01±6.55)mm Hg,the IOP in the TS group were from(11.90±4.92)mm Hg to(19.10±7.43)mm Hg.The IOP in the NPTS group was significantly higher than that in the TS group (F=5.137,P<0.05).The ratio of sustained filtration bleb of NPTS group after surgery was 25/31(80.6%),while 6/31 were flat filtration bleb.There were statistically significant difference in the rate of disappearance of filtration bleb between these two groups(X2=8.129,P<0.05).The difference of visual field loss postoperatively between these two groups was not statistically significant.The incidence rate of newly developed cataract after NPTS and TS was 6/31 and 12/32.respectively.The difierence of rate of complication between these two groups was statistically non-significant(X2=3.797,P<0.05).The successful rate after NPTS and TS was 61.54%(16/26)and 14.29%(4/28),respectively.The difference of successful rate between these two groups was statistically significant(X2=14.463,P<0.05).Conclusions Both NPTS and TS are effective methods for the treatment of POAG.Postoperative complications after NPTS are less than those of TS.But patients with TS could maintain a lower IOP than those with NPTS.Long-term efficacy of NPTS is uncertain.it's important to choose the suitable surgery to gain a high success rate.

Objective To study the effect of protein Nogo-66 on the expression of CD11b and MHC-Ⅱ in retinal microglia of chronic ocular hypertension SD rats and the effects of protein Nogo-66 on the immunogenicity of injured retinal tissues.Methods It was a control experimental study.Chronic ocular hypertension rat model was established by laser photocoagulation on the anterior chamber angle and superficial vein of the sclera.One ml of Nogo-66(0.01%)in PBS was injected subeutaneouly on the day of laser treatment and 0.005% Nogo-66 PBS solution was injected into the vitreous 7days and 1 month latter.PBS without Nogo-66 was injected in the control group.The expression of cell surface antigen CD11b and MHC-Ⅱ were detected by immunohistochemistry 1 month and 1 day after the establishment of hypertension model.The difference of average IOP among groups was analyzed by variance analysis.The difierence of expression of CD11b and MHC-Ⅱ between the experimental and control groups was analyzed by t-test.Results The intraocular pressure (IOP) of experimental groups rised from the soventh day after modelbuilding and the highest IOP was(24.16±2.70)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa) 1 month later while that in the control groups was(15.93 ± 3.28 )mm Hg. The difference between them was statistically significant (F= 2.10, P<0. 05). Expression of CD11b was ( 1.78 ± 0. 63 )% and MHC-Ⅱ was (3.92 ± 1.03 ) % inNogo-66 with hypertension groups, these results was significantly lower than those in Nogo-66 with normal intraocular pressure groups in which the expression of CD11b was ( 8.15 ± 1.97 ) % ( t = 2.35, P < 0. 05 )and MHC-Ⅱ was(11.45 ±1.97)% (t =2.14, P <0.05). Conclusions Protein Nogo-66 activated the cell surface antigen CD11b in nerve fiber layer of retina and induced antigen presenting molecules (MHC-Ⅱ). This indicates that Nogo has the center immunogenicity and this protein could activate antigenpresenting cells to present injury antigen.

Objective To study the clinical features and the pathogenesis of macular hole with and without retina detachment(RD)in high myopic eyes.Methods It was a retrospective series case study.The charts of high myopic patients with macular hole at our hospital from June 2006 to February 2007 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups (the RD group and non-RD group) depending on the presence of RD or not. Their clinieal data and optic coherence tomography (OCT)results were further analyzed. SPSS 13.0 was used for the statistic analysis. When comparing the quantitative aspects like age, axial length and refraction, t-test was used. Categorical data, such as sex ratio, occurrence of vitreous traction, posterior staphyloma and retinoschisis were compared by using X2 test. Fisher's test was used in comparing eye laterality, incidence of white hole, visual acuity and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Results During this period, there were 43 patients fitting the including criteria. Among them,36 patents (37 eyes) were in the RD group and 7 patients (7 eyes) in the no-RD group. In the RD group,the average age was 56. 1,24. 3% of them (9/37) were male;percentage of left and right eyes was (11/37)and 70. 3% (26/37), respectively; average refraction was ( -8.9 ± 2. 2) D; average axial length was (28.7 ±2. 0) mm. Visual acuity was ≤0. 05 (72. 2% ) in 26 eyes and 0. 05-0. 2 (27. 8%) in 10 patients.The incidence of complete and non-complete PVD was 89. 2% (33/37) and 10. 8% (4/37), respectively.White hole presented in 35.1% (3/37) patients. Vitreous traction and retinoschisis presented in 27. 0%(10/37) and 35. 1% (13/37) patients, respectively. In the non-RD group, the average age was 47. 6;16. 7% of them (1/7) were male; left and right eyes were involved in 42. 9% (3/7) and 57. 1% (4/7),respectively. Average refraction was ( -9. 0 ± 1.9) D; average axial length was ( 28.9 ± 1.5 ) mm. Vision acuity was ≤0.05 in 3 patients (42.9%); between 0.05-0.2 in 3 eyes (42.9%) and ≥0.2 in 1 eye (14. 3% ). Incidence of complete and non-complete PVD was 85.7% (6/7) and 14. 3% (1/7),respectively. White hole was observed in 14. 3% (1/7) patients; 42. 9% (3/7) patients were accompanied with vitreous traction and 71.4% (5/7) with retinoschisis. B-scan ultrasenography showed posterior staphyloma in all 44 eyes. The results of statistical analysis showed that the gender (X2 = 0.008) and eye laterality (X2=0.449) as well as refraction (t=0.193), axial length (t=-0.25) and visual acuity (X2=4.509) of these two groups were similar (P>0.05). The incidences of vitreous traction (X2=0. 709), white hole (X2=1.179 ), PVD (X2=0.071) and retinoschisis (X2=3.207) were also similar (P>0. 05). But the age of the non-RD group is significantly younger than the RD group (t=1.66,P<0. 05). Conclusions Various pathogenesis may involved in the occurrence of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with macular hole. Further study is required to improve our understanding of this entity.

Objective To evaluate the results of Toric intraocular lens (IOL) for correction of preoperative astigmatism in patients having cataract phacoemulsification.Methods It Was a prospective case series study. Seventy-one eyes (60 patients) had implantation of Acrysof Toric IOL logMAR uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),preexisting corneal astigmatism,residual refractive sphere and cylinder.and toric IOL axis were measured.Four residual astigmatism models were compared according to their axis postoperatively:neutral,against-the-rule (ATR,180±15 degrees),with-the-rule(WTR,90 ± 15 degrees)and oblique(OB,45/135±30 degrees).Rank sum test and Friedman test was used to analyze these data.Results Three months postoperatively.the median dislant UCVA increased significandy from 0.80 to 0.20,residual refractive astigmatism decreased significantly from 2.02 D to 0.67 D.The mean Toric IOL axis rotation was 1.63±1.83 degrees.with rotation less than 5.00 degrees in 96% of eyes.For uncorrected near visual acuity.group ATR fared the best results and the difference between group ATR and groups WTR,neural and OB was statistically significant.For UCVA,there Was no statistically significant difference between group ATR and groups neutral and OB.Conclusions Acrysof Toric IOL implantation is a predictable.safe and effective method to correct preexisting corneal astigmatism in patients having cataract phacoemulsification. A pseudophakic eye after Acrysof Toric IOL implantation with low residual ATR myopic astigmatism is beneficial for obtaining a better uncorrected near and distant visual acuities.

Objective To evaluate the results of cataract surgery in myopia patients after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)and to compare the predictability of various methods of intraccular lens(IOL)power calculation.Method Seventeen cases (24 eyes)who had LASIK for myopia were divided into two group by with or without history of corneal power data.Corneal power was obtained by autokeratometry,corneal topography.Pentacam and IOLMaster.The IOL power was calculated with the clinical history method,Feiz-Mannis formula,Feiz-Mannis method and other methods.Postoperative final refraction and the deviation of the final spherical equivalent (SEQ) from the refractive target were measured 3 month after the surgery.Two sample t-test.linear correlation and regression analysis,paired t-test and Bland-Altman method of agreement were used to analyze these data.Results In the group with history data,the mean corneal power was(43.28±1.21)D and the mean SEQ was(-15.33±4.36)D before the LASIK surgery.In the group without history data,the mean SEQ was(-10.11±3.12)D.Before cataract surgery,the mean corneal power was(36.96±2.07)D and(36.85±1.40)D in these two groups.The mean arithmetic refractive prediction error after cataract surgery was(-0.66±1.27)D and(-0.47 ± 0.82)D in these two groups, respectively. Data calculated by using Hamed-Wang-Koch method, Masket Formula, Koch/Maloney method, Shammar method and Pentacam ERK method were lower than the emmetropic IOL power. Data calculated by using Feiz-Mannis Formula, Latkany Method, Savini method, Armberri Double K method were overestimated. The mean arithmetic errors of clinic history method, Corneal Passby Method and Haigis-L Formula were not significantly different from the predict refraction (P=0. 364, 0. 318 and 0. 069;t=0. 956,-1. 057 and -1. 911, respectively). There was strong correlation between the value calculated by using Feiz-Mannis Method or Haigis-L Formula and the true power (r = 0. 921,0. 915; P = 0. 000 and 0. 000,respectively). But none of the values calculated by these method could fully agree with the true value.Conclusions IOL power should be calculated accurately to avoid undercorrection. We recommend the combination of clinical history method, Feiz-Mannis Method, Corneal Passby Method and Haigis-L Formula for the calculation of IOL power.

Objective To evaluate the different efficacy and safety to the treatment of baeterial conjunctivitis between the fluoroquinolone antibiotics gatifloxacin and levofloxacin.Methods A multicentre,random,double-blind and control trial was performed in six centers including Eye Ear Nose and Throar Hospital of Fudan University,Henan Eye Institute,Eye Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medieal College,the First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanjing Medical University,Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between August 2006 and October 2007. The levofloxacin was set as the efficient control. Two hundred and thirty-five patients (235 eyes ) that diagnosed as bacterial conjunctivitis were randomly divided into two groups by the method of randomized blocks, the test group (gatifloxacin) had 118 eyes and the control (levofloxacin) group had 117eyes. The drug delivery into conjunctival sac was performed at a 7-day period ( two drops per time, eight times per day at the first two days and two drops per time, four times per day at the following 5 days). All participants were given the conjunetival sac germ culture and drug sensitive test before and after the study.The combination score of signs and symptoms and evaluation of safety were conducted at the pre-dilivery day,the (4 ± 1 ) and (7 ± 1 ) dilivery day. The statistic analysis was conducted by CMH X2 test, Pearson X2 test and Fisher's exact probabilities test. Results The efficacy of the two groups was 94. 0% ( 110/117 eyes)in gatifloxacin group and 93.8% ( 106/113 eyes) in levofloxacin group with no significant difference( X2 =0.052,P = 0.8201 ). There was also no difference in the bacteria clearance between the two groups [ gatifloxacin versus levofloxacin, 94.1% (80/85 eyes) versus 92. 5% (74/80 eyes) ,P =0. 3470]. The decrease of combination score of signs and symptoms at the (4 ± 1 ) delivery day was 4. 436 +2. 310 in the gatifloxacin group and 3. 814 ± 1. 962 in the levofloxacin group, the difference of which was significant ( F =7.280,P = 0. 0075 ) . This trend was also proved at the ( 7 ± 1 ) delivery day ( gatifloxacin versus levofloxacin, 7. 487 ± 2. 821 versus 6. 912 ± 2. 911, F = 4. 060, P = 0. 0452 ). The visual acuity and the tolerance after local application of the eye drops between the two groups had no diffenrence ( the visual acuity F = 1.04, P = 0. 3080; the tolarence after local admission X2 = 0. 1372, P = 0. 7111 ). According to the result of the germ culture, the major pathogenic bacteria were Gram-positive bacteria ( totally 20 kinds of Grampositive bacteria and 8 kinds of Gram-negetive bacteria). The MIC and drug resistence of gatifloxacin to the Gram-positive bacteria was lower than that of the levofloxaxin ( Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus Aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, α-hemolytic Streptococcus). Conclusions The gatifloxacin eye drop has a good therapeutic effect to the bacterial conjunctivitis, It can effectively clear the pathogen with fast and strong effect. Moreover, it has a low MIC in vitro, advance a prospect in drug resistance, safety and ocular tolerance.

Objective To perform genetic analysis in 5 patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome(BPES)and refine the genotype-phenotype correlation.Methods G-band karyotyping,fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH),SNP array,PCR and sequencing techniques were performed to one patient with BPES and mental retardation and 4 only with BPES.Results Patient 1 with mental retardation carried a 9.4 Mb heterozygous deletion in chromosome 3q22.1-q23 including FOXL2 gene;Both patient 2 and 3 carried a c.704delG heterozygous mutation of FOXL2,while they were assigned to the different clinical type from those reported previously.Patient 3 was assigned to type Ⅱ BPES;Nomutation of FOXL2 Was detected in patient 4 and 5.Conclusions There might be the gene(s)responsible for mental retardation within chromosome 3q22.1-q23.It Was indicated that the mutation c.704delG in FOXL2 led to a truncated protein is associated with beth type Ⅰ and Ⅱ of BPES.

Objective To investigate the normal conjunetival bacterial flora isolated from healthy infants aged from 1 to 4 months and to analyze its correlated factors.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.From January to March 2009,109 cases of healthy babies aged from 1 to 4 months were selected throulgh simple random sampling when they accepted health examination provided by Tianjin Medical University Eye Center and Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center.Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes and inoculated onto blood agar plates.The isolated bacteria were classified professionally.The distribution of different bacteria was investigated as well as the possible correlated factors by using t-test,X2 test and binary logistic regression of SPSS 11.5.Results 26 cases of healthy babies(23.9%)got positive culture results which consisted 44 strains of ocular bacterial isolates.25 strains were gram-positive cocci.while 18 strains gram-positive bacilli,and 1 strain gram-negative bacillus.The first three isolated bacteria were Diphthemid bacillus(17/44,38.6%),Staphylococcus epidermitis(16/44,36.4%),and Staphylococcus aureus(6/44,13.6%).The two subtypes of Staphylococci coexisted with Diphthemid bacillus in 8 eyes of 36 eyes from which bacteria were isolated.The bacterial isolation rate through every month age group had no significant difference(X2=0.351,P>0.05).There wag no significant difference in the group of positive isolation(26 cases,36 eyes)or negative isolation(83 cases,166 eyes)through breast,formula or mixed feeding(X2=1.182,P>0.05).The gender had no influence on the detection of bacteria(X2=0.001,P>0.05).The birth weight,gestational age or examined age between the two groups had no significant difference (t=0. 078, t=0. 940, t=0. 686,P>0. 05). The gender, age, birth weight,gestational age and the way of feeding had no correlation with existence of conjunctival flora in these healthy infants ( Wald X2 = 0. 001, Wald X2 = 0. 003, Wald X2 = 0. 117, Wald X2 = 1. 307, Wald X2 = 1. 490, P >0. 05). Conclusions The normal conjunetival flora might establish during the initial months of little babies. Staphylococcus epidermitis and Diphthemid bacillus are the most common bacteria. Future studies should be conducted to make sure whether there would be some factors correlated with the culture results.

Objective To evaluate the role of different concentration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)on the morphology,proliferation and apoptosis in inducing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into neuron-like cells in vitro,and screen the optimal concentration of ATRA.Methods It was an experimental study.The third passage of MSC was placed in 24-well cell culture plates at a density of 1×104/well.After the adherent of cells,the medium was changed to DMEM/F-12 containing different concentration of ATRA(0.25 μmol/L,0.5 μmol/L,1.0 μmol/L,2.0 μmol/L,4.0 μmol/L)for 24 h respectively.The cells cultured without ATRA were taken as the coutrol group.After another 24 h,the morphologic changes of induced cells were observed by inverted microscope and cell proliferation,apoptosis of ATRA was analyzed using the MTT colorimetric assay.We take another control group and ATRA groups to detect the apoptotic and positive stained percentage of induced cells by Annexin V-FITC/PI combining flow cytometry.The optimal concentration of ATRA was determined by all the above-mentioned index.According to the nature of the material,analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for absorption value and apoptosis rate in different concentration of ATRA for 24 h,t test for further comparision between two groups.T-test were also used between the positive expression of induced neuron-like cells and the control group.Results Compared to the control group,ATRA at the concentration of 0.25 μmoL/L did not inhibit the proliferation of umbilical cord MSC obviously(t=0.72.1.32,P>0.05).Part of MSC wele floating instantly at the moment of adding ATRA of 4.0 μmoL/L and no adherent cells were observed after 24 h'culture.Exposed to ATRA at the concentration of≥1.0 μmol/L for 24 h,the proliferation of MSC were significantly inhibited,showing a dose-dependent manner(t=8.8,18.9,22.1;P<0.01).0.5 μmol/L of ATRA did not affect the proliferation of cells and its moephology remained normal;1.0 μmol/L of ATRA affected very few cells;but 2.0 μmoL/L of ATRA cultured for 24 h inhibited the proliferation of cells obviously than 1 h.and the cells increased in size and became flattened.Flow cytometry showed that the rate of apoptosis between the control group and≥1.0 μmol/L groups were significantly different(t=9.88,19.95,31.61;P<0.01).Conclusion In the process of inducing umbilical cord MSC into neuron-like cells,0.5 μmol/L ATRA was the optical concentration.≥1.0 μmol/L ATRA can inhibit the cell proliferation,increase the apoptosis of cells significantly and caused obvious damages.

Glaucoma is a most common irreversible blinding disease,which is also considered a typical psychosomatic disease.With the promotion of physical,mental and social medical care model,more and more attention has been paid to psychological changes in patients with glaucoma.The mental disturbance in patients with glaucoma is found to be different from ordinary persons in clinic using psychological assessment tools.The mood changes seen in these patients are closely related to the incidence of glaucoma,medieation,surgery and quality of life.This review summarizes the research on the relationship between primary glaucoma and its psychological characteristics.A comprehensive and systematic understanding of the roles of the psychological characteristics in the occurrence and development of glaucoma will provide significant guidance in establishing a rational and standard treatment of psychological intervention.

Exfoliation syndrome is an age-related systemic disorder of extracellular matrix,which is associated with a rapid progress of cataract resulting in the increased incidence of complications during operation and post-operation of cataract.The exact pathogenesis of exfoliation syndrome is still unclear.The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent progress in the clinical diagnosis,cell biology,molecular biology,and an improved knowledge of genetics,which will provide a better understanding of the mechanism behind this disorder.

In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to "repairing damaged nerves and promoting vision recovery", Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Eisai (China) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Eisai Ophthalmology Award-winning essay contest.

In order to promote the scientific and technological journals sponsored by CAST and its affiliated national societies to better serve the independent innovation of science and technology, strengthen the function of academic exchange, promote the implementation of the strategy of fine scientific and technological journals, improve the core competitiveness of scientific and technological journals, and improve the ability of national societies to serve the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, CAST has organized and implemented the application and evaluation of projects funded by fine scientific and technological journals since 2006. This journal was successively awarded the title of Excellent Science and Technology Journals Project Demonstration Project of China Association for Science and Technology from 2006 to 2010.

Corneal disease is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness at present. According to statistics, there are more than 7 million blind people in China, of which about 8% are caused by corneal disease. The only hope for blindness caused by corneal disease is corneal transplantation. However, due to the lack of donor corneas, only 8,000 corneal transplantations are performed in China every year, and millions of patients can only pray for light in the dark. Therefore, early intervention for corneal diseases is crucial. "Protect the eyes and cherish the cornea" has become the focus of general concern in the society.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. In the course of running the journal for nearly 60 years, there have been many twists and turns. From 1960 to 1964, due to natural disasters in the country and paper difficulties, it was suspended for the first time; From 1966 to 1978, it was forced to cease publication again due to the unrest until it resumed in the autumn of 1978. After more than half a century of ups and downs, several generations of ophthalmologists have paid hard work and sweat, and China Ophthalmology Journal has become the leading fine academic journal in China's ophthalmology community, which represents the national level externally and guides academic development internally.

Glaucoma is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness in China. In recent years, the proportion of primary open-angle glaucoma in primary glaucoma has gradually increased. Studies have shown that up to 75% of glaucoma patients need combination medication, and the compliance of combination medication in glaucoma patients is poor, which is one of the important reasons that leads to further impairment of visual function and even poor blindness in glaucoma patients. In order to make more ophthalmologists pay more attention to the hot issues of glaucoma treatment, and cooperate with the National Eye Care Day,

In recent years, the concept of cataract refractive surgery has penetrated into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cataract diseases. It is the higher pursuit of cataract surgeons to restore patients' vision like young people. Multifocal intraocular lens has attracted more and more attention of ophthalmologists because of its good clinical application effect. The aspherical Acrys of ReSTOR +3.00D intraocular lens, which entered the clinic in 2009, can provide better far, medium and near vision for patients after cataract surgery. In order to promote the academic exchange between domestic ophthalmologists, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Alcon (China) Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Alcon "Full Vision" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

It is estimated that by 2010, the number of glaucoma patients in the world will exceed 60 million, and the number of blind people will be nearly 10 million. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the prevention and treatment of primary glaucoma one of the key tasks of blindness prevention. In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Alcon (China) Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Alcon "Healthy Intraocular Pressure" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

In order to strengthen the academic exchange of ophthalmology at home and abroad, expand the international vision of domestic ophthalmologists, and promote the integration of domestic ophthalmology with international standards as soon as possible, the Health Express Training Network (www.lxlearn.com) has been specially established. The training network will serve all domestic ophthalmologists in the form of public welfare.

On October 18, 2001, the National Committee for the Approval of Scientific and Technological Terms and the National Language and Character Working Committee held a "Seminar on the Usage of 'Xiang' and 'Xiang'" at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The meeting carefully analyzed the reasons for the confusion between the usage of "like" and "like" in the scientific and technological circles. The National Science and Technology Glossary Committee and the State Language Commission considered it necessary to clearly define the usage of this word again. Experts at the meeting believed that: elephant refers to the form and appearance of nature, people or things; Image refers to the image of a person or object made by imitation, comparison, etc.,

With the development and improvement of clinical diagnosis technology, the role of all kinds of ophthalmology clinical pictures in disease diagnosis has been paid more and more attention. In order to encourage clinical accumulation of relevant data, promote experience exchange, improve clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, provide a new platform for academic exchange for readers, and at the same time enrich the content and form of this journal to better serve the majority of ophthalmologists, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology continued to launch the "Picture Essence" column in 2010. The submitted pictures can be arranged according to the types of cases or diagnostic techniques, and related instructions can be attached to clarify the arrangement method of the pictures, the purpose, environment, method, technique and significance of shooting, etc. Pictures should highlight the characteristics of essence, and each picture should have a detailed text description. Ophthalmologists across the country are welcome to contribute enthusiastically.

digital object identifier (DOI) is a tool for identifying digital information including Internet information. In traditional publications, books, magnetic tapes and CD-ROM have international standard numbers (ISBN, ISSN, ISCN) and their barcodes as the unique identification of publications. These logos allow the publication to be effectively managed and easy for readers to find and utilize. Once the document on the Internet has changed the URL, there is no way to retrieve it.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

According to the latest edition of Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary, the use specifications of the words "sticky" and "sticky" are as follows: when pronouncing "nian", the word "sticky" is always used, such as mucosa, mucus, slime mold, adhesive, etc.; When pronouncing "zhan", use the word "sticky", such as intestinal adhesion, paste, etc. Regarding the use of the words "Wei" and "Wei", both words mean only and only, but when used in words such as only, only, only, fear, obedience to orders and profit-seeking, the word "'Zhun" is always used; When used in words such as materialism, idealism, rationalism, nominalism, etc., use the word "only".

The title should strive to be concise and eye-catching, which can accurately reflect the theme of the article. Chinese titles are generally within 20 Chinese characters, preferably without subtitles, generally without punctuation, and try not to use abbreviations. The meaning of Chinese and English titles should be consistent.

In order to implement the policy of combining popularization and improvement, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, while reporting major clinical and basic research results at home and abroad, pays attention to the actual needs of the majority of ophthalmologists and strengthens the practicality of the journal. It is planned to continue to open the column of "Test Questions Analysis" in 2010. This column invites authoritative ophthalmologists in China to make an accurate and in-depth analysis of all kinds of test questions in the ophthalmology question bank. Readers are welcome to pay attention to this column, actively read, and put forward suggestions and opinions.

Following the successful "First Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Second Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal and co-organized by Ophthalmology Branch of Shanghai Medical Association will be held in Shanghai from July 2 to 6, 2010. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment, focusing on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists. At that time, academic leaders (editorial board members of this journal) such as Zhao Kanxing, Sun Xinghuai, Zhao Jialiang, Li Xiaoxin, Yao Ke, Ge Jian, Xie Lixin, Liu Yizhi, Xu Xun and Liu Guoguo will be invited to give wonderful speeches, and well-known young and middle-aged experts in ophthalmology will be invited to carry out academic discussions and experience exchanges on hot topics related to ophthalmology. Taking the forum as the main form and academic controversy as the leading thought, we focus on highlighting the development potential of young and middle-aged physicians, and strive to innovate the old and give full play to the academic guiding role of this journal.

Two cases of cutaneous hemangiomatous lesions with soft tissue and bone hypertrophy were first reported by Kippel and Trenaunay [1] in France in 1900. For more than a century, people have named this rare, sporadic and complicated malformation: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) [2].

A 53-year-old male was admitted to the Ophthalmology Center of Peking University People's Hospital on December 12, 2008 due to blurred vision in his left eye for 1 week. A year ago, the patient had sudden blurred vision in his left eye and declined vision. He was diagnosed with fundus bleeding in his left eye in the local hospital, which improved after conservative treatment. A week ago, the patient suddenly felt blurred vision in his left eye, without deformation of vision and flash in front of his eyes.

A 39-year-old male was seen in the ophthalmology clinic of Pinghu People's Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen on June 1, 2009 due to lacrimation in his right eye for 8 months and a tumor in his right eye for 6 months. The patient had slight lacrimation discomfort in his right eye 8 months ago, often accompanied by eye redness. Six months ago, a small punctate mass on the inside of his right eye was found, with slight pain, without bleeding and visual loss.

Wegener's granuloma is a rare and fatal autoimmune disease. The pathological manifestation is necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis, which mainly involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys, joints, eyes, skin, heart, nervous system and ears, etc. The clinical data of a patient with Wegener's granuloma diagnosed by the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University First Hospital are reported as follows.

Alagille syndrome is a genetic disease involving multiple systems, and ocular abnormalities are one of its important manifestations. A child with Alagille syndrome with typical ocular changes was diagnosed and treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University First Hospital, and the report is as follows.

A 28-year-old male patient came to Changchun Yinuo Eye Hospital on June 1, 2009 due to head trauma and blurred vision in his right eye for 7 days. Physical examination showed that the sutured skin laceration was about 3.0 cm long in the right occipital part of the head. Eye examination showed that the visual acuity was 20 cm manual in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. The intraocular pressure was 15mm Hg (1 mm Hg:0.133 kPa) in the right eye and 14 mm Hg in the left eye. The anterior segment of the right eye was normal, and the fundus of the eye was shown in the essence pictures 1~3. The left eye was normal. Clinical diagnosis: Purtscher retinopathy in the right eye.