Volume 135 · Issue 08 · 2022

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is 10- to 20-fold less common in Han Chinese in China compared with persons of predominately European descent translating to incidences of 0.2 to 0.6 per 10E+5 population/yearvs.4.6 per 10E+5 population/year.^[1,2,3]Reason(s) for this markedly lower incidence and therefore prevalence in China is unknown but is shared with the other Asian nationalities including Japanese, Koreans, and others.^[4,5,6]Studies of large cohorts of Chinese with CLL are relatively rare and there are no population-based studies in the mainland of China. Several seeming differences between CLL in Chinese and persons of predominately European descent are reported such as younger age at diagnosis, different background genotypes, increased frequency ofIGHVmutation, different stereotype use and different mutation topographies.^[7]However, in general, most cases of CLL in Han Chinese are like CLL in persons of predominately European descent.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia, which is one of the most common causes of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. Women with ITP who have severe thrombocytopenia are at an increased risk for life-threatening obstetric complications. Therefore, we established this consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of ITP during pregnancy (detailed information is available in the Supplementary File, http://links.lww.com/CM9/A978).

Concerns exist regarding the risk of infections in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) treated with biologics. We assessed the risk of infections of biological and targeted drugs in patients with SpA by performing a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine Disc for RCTs evaluating the risk of infections of biological therapy in patients with SpA from inception through August 9, 2021. We calculated a pooled Peto odds ratio (OR) for infections in biologics-treated patients vs. placebo patients. The risk of bias on the included RCTs was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

In total, 62 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the risk of infection (Peto OR: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.26, P < 0.001), serious infection (Peto OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.26-2.17, P < 0.001), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (Peto OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.32, P = 0.008), nasopharyngitis (Peto OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.42, P < 0.001), and Candida infection (Peto OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.48-4.71, P = 0.001) were increased in SpA patients treated with biologics compared with placebo. Sensitivity analysis based on biologics classes was conducted, and results demonstrated that compared with placebo, there was a higher risk of infection for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (Peto OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.68, P = 0.001) and interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors (Peto OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08-2.22, P = 0.018) in axial SpA, and for Janus kinase inhibitors in peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14-1.69, P = 0.001); higher risk of serious infection for IL-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.26-9.55, P = 0.016) and axial SpA (Peto OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.38-2.91, P < 0.001); higher risk of URTI for TNF-α inhibitors in axial SpA (Peto OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.78, P= 0.019), and for apremilast in peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08-2.36, P = 0.018); higher risk of nasopharyngitis for TNF-α inhibitors in axial SpA (Peto OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.90, P = 0.022) and peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09-2.05, P = 0.013), and for IL-17 inhibitors in axial SpA (Peto OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.82, P = 0.044); higher risk of herpes zoster for Janus kinase inhibitors in peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.03-4.62, P = 0.043); higher risk of Candida infection for IL-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA (Peto OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.31-4.84, P= 0.006).

This meta-analysis shows that biological therapy in patients with SpA may increase the risk of infections, including serious infections, URTI, nasopharyngitis, and Candida infection, which should be paid attention to in our clinical practice.

NOTCH1 mutation is an essential molecular biologic aberration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL patients with NOTCH1 mutation have shown an unfavorable survival and a poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. This study aims to present the mechanisms of adverse prognosis caused by NOTCH1 mutation from the perspective of the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1).

The microarray data in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were analyzed by bioinformatics and the function of hnRNPA1 was checked by testing the proliferation and apoptosis of CLL-like cell lines. Afterward, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to explore the relationship among NOTCH1, c-Myc, and hnRNPA1.

RNA splicing was found to play a vital part in NOTCH1-mutated CLL cells; hence, hnRNPA1 was selected as the focus of this study. Higher expression of hnRNPA1 validated in primary NOTCH1-mutated CLL samples could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in CLL. The expression of hnRNPA1 increased when NOTCH1 signaling was activated by transfection with NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD)-overexpressed adenovirus vector and declined after NOTCH1 signaling was inhibited by NOTCH1-shRNA. Higher expression of c-Myc was observed in NICD-overexpressed cells and hnRNPA1 expression was downregulated after applying c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4. Moreover, in NICD-overexpressed cells, hnRNPA1 expression decreased through c-Myc inhibition.

Overexpression of c-Myc-dependent hnRNPA1 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in NOTCH1- mutated CLL cells, which might partly account for the poor prognosis of patients with NOTCH1 mutation.

Compared with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation, it remains unclear whether haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has a superior graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect for Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This study aimed to compare the GVL effect between HID and MSD transplantation for Ph- high-risk B-ALL.

This study population came from two prospective multicenter trials (NCT01883180, NCT02673008). Immunosuppressant withdrawal and prophylactic or pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) were administered in patients without active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) to prevent relapse. All patients with measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity posttransplantation (post-MRD+) or non-remission (NR) pre-transplantation received prophylactic/pre-emptive interventions. The primary endpoint was the incidence of post-MRD+.

A total of 335 patients with Ph- high-risk B-ALL were enrolled, including 145 and 190, respectively, in the HID and MSD groups. The 3-year cumulative incidence of post-MRD+ was 27.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.2%-34.7%) and 42.6% (35.5%-49.6%) in the HID and MSD groups (P = 0.003), respectively. A total of 156 patients received DLI, including 60 (41.4%) and 96 (50.5%), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups (P= 0.096). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 18.6% (95% CI: 12.7%-25.4%) and 25.9% (19.9%-32.3%; P = 0.116) in the two groups, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 67.4% (95% CI: 59.1%-74.4%) and 61.6% (54.2%-68.1%; P = 0.382), leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 63.4% (95% CI: 55.0%-70.7%) and 58.2% (50.8%-64.9%; P= 0.429), and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 51.7% (95% CI: 43.3%-59.5%) and 37.8% (30.9%-44.6%; P= 0.041), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups.

HID transplantation has a lower incidence of post-MRD+ than MSD transplantation, suggesting that HID transplantation might have a superior GVL effect than MSD transplantation for Ph- high-risk B-ALL patients.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01883180, NCT02673008.

The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with high-risk (HR) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is still under evaluation. Moreover, relapse is the main factor affecting survival. This study aimed to explore the effect of allo-HSCT (especially haploidentical HSCT [haplo-HSCT]) on improving survival and reducing relapse for HR childhood T-ALL in CR1 and the prognostic factors of childhood T-ALL in order to identify who could benefit from HSCT.

A total of 74 newly diagnosed pediatric T-ALL patients between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified into the low-risk chemotherapy cohort (n = 16), HR chemotherapy cohort (n = 31), and HR transplant cohort (n = 27). Characteristics, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors of all patients were then analyzed.

Patient prognosis in the HR chemotherapy cohort was significantly worse than that in the low-risk chemotherapy cohort (5-year overall survival [OS]: 58.5% vs. 100%, P = 0.003; 5-year event-free survival [EFS]: 54.1% vs. 83.4%, P = 0.010; 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse [CIR]: 45.2% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.011). In HR patients, allo-HSCT improved the 5-year EFS and CIR compared to that of chemotherapy (5-year EFS: 80.1% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.041; 5-year CIR: 11.6% vs. 45.2%, P = 0.006). The 5-year OS was higher in the HR transplant cohort than that in the HR chemotherapy cohort (81.0% vs. 58.5%, P = 0.084). Minimal residual disease re-emergence was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS, EFS, and CIR; age ≥10 years was an independent risk factor for OS and EFS; and high white blood cell count was an independent risk factor for EFS and CIR.

Allo-HSCT, especially haplo-HSCT, could effectively reduce relapse of children with HR T-ALL in CR1.

Previous studies have revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes disease progress of gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to further investigating whether DM advanced lymph nodes (LNs) metastasis in GC.

The clinicopathologic data of GC patients with >15 examined LN (ELN) between October 2004 and December 2019 from a prospectively maintained database were included. The observational outcomes included the number (N3b status) and anatomical distribution (N3 stations) of metastatic LN (MLN).

A total of 2142 eligible patients were included in the study between October 2004 and December 2019. N3 stations metastasis (26.8% in DM vs. 19.3% in non-DM, P = 0.026) and N3b status (18.8% in DM vs. 12.8% in non-DM, P = 0.039) were more advanced in the DM group, and multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed that DM was an independent factor of developing N3 stations metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.771, P= 0.011) and N3b status (OR= 1.752, P= 0.028). Also, multivariate analyses determined DM was independently associated with more MLN (β = 1.424, P = 0.047). The preponderance of N3 stations metastasis (DM vs. non-DM, T1-2: 2.2% vs. 4.9%, T3: 29.0% vs. 20.3%, T4a: 38.9% vs. 25.8%, T4b: 50.0% vs. 36.6%; ELN16-29: 8.6% vs. 10.4%, ELN30-44: 27.9% vs. 20.5%, ELN ≥ 45: 37.7% vs. 25.3%), N3b status (DM vs. non-DM, T1-2: 0% vs. 1.7%, T3: 16.1% vs. 5.1%, T4a: 27.8% vs. 19.1%, T4b: 44.0% vs. 28.0%; ELN16-29: 8.6% vs. 7.9%, ELN30-44: 18.0% vs. 11.8%, ELN ≥ 45: 26.4% vs. 17.3%), and the number of MLN (DM vs. non-DM, T1-2: 0.4 vs. 1.1, T3: 8.6 vs. 5.2, T4a: 9.7 vs. 8.6, T4b: 17.0 vs. 12.8; ELN16-29: 3.6 vs. 4.6, ELN30-44: 5.8 vs. 5.5, ELN ≥ 45: 12.0 vs. 7.7) of DM group increased with the advancement of primary tumor depth stage and raising of ELN.

DM was an independent risk factor for promoting LN metastasis. The preponderance of LN involvement in the DM group was aggravated with the advancement of tumor depth.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by complex and various clinical manifestations. The study aimed to analyze clinical features and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of hyperintense white matter (WM) lesions in SLE patients.

This was a retrospective study based on a consecutive cohort of 1191 SLE patients; 273 patients for whom cerebral MRI data were available were enrolled to assess hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. Patients were assigned to two groups, ie, with or without hyperintense WM lesions. The MRI assessment showed that the hyperintense WM lesions could be classified into three categories: type A, periventricular hyperintense WM lesions; type B, subcortical hyperintense WM lesions; and type C, multiple discrete hyperintense WM lesions. The clinical and MRI characteristics were analyzed. Factors related to hyperintense WM lesions were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Among the 273 SLE patients with available cerebral MRI scans, 35.9% (98/273) had hyperintense WM lesions associated with SLE. The proportions of types A, B, and C were 54.1% (53/98), 11.2% (11/98), and 92.9% (91/98), respectively. Fifty-one percents of the patients showed an overlap of two or three types. Type C was the most common subgroup to be combined with other types. Compared with those without hyperintense WM lesions, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions were associated with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), lupus nephritis (LN), hypertension, and hyperuricemia (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.045, and P = 0.036, respectively). Significantly higher rates of polyserous effusions and cardiac involvement were found in the patients with hyperintense WM lesions (P = 0.029 and P = 0.027, respectively), and these patients were more likely to present with disease damage (P < 0.001). In addition, the patients with hyperintense WM lesions exhibited a higher frequency of proteinuria (P = 0.009) and higher levels of CD8⁺ T cells (P = 0.005). In the multivariate logistic analysis, hyperuricemia and higher CD8+ T cells percentages were significantly correlated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE patients (P= 0.019; OR 2.129, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.313-4.006 and P < 0.001; OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.023-1.098, respectively).

Hyperintense WM lesions are common in SLE patients and significantly associated with systemic involvement, including NPSLE, LN, polyserous effusions, cardiac involvement, and disease damage. Hyperuricemia and a higher number of CD8+ T cells were independent factors associated with hyperintense WM lesions in SLE.

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM), which involves multiple sites with different levels of severity, is the second most common congenital craniofacial deformity after cleft lip and palate. However, three-dimensional (3D) measurements of mandibular deformities have not yet been studied in detail. The objective of this study is to investigate the method of 3D measurements of mandibular deformities in HFM patients.

A total of 48 HFM patients were included in this study. All clinical treatment for patients was performed in the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences at Peking Union Medical College from June 2006 to June 2020. The patients’ 3D computerized tomography scan data were processed using medical imaging software, following four iterative steps: 3D reconstruction, mirroring, differential analysis, and partition.

The characteristics of the mandibular bone in HFM patients are mainly presented as follows: (1) compared to the normal side, the part of the bone body that extends from the ascending ramus to the pogonion (Po-NB) is analyzed using a dynamic process: less fullness-fullness-more fullness; (2) absences were frequently observed among the angular zones, that is, the height of the ascending ramus is deficient.

HFM is a complicated condition with numerous variations in clinical presentation. We employed both 3D image reconstruction and computerization image processing techniques to investigate asymmetrical mandibular deformity in HFM patients in detail and with great accuracy. This will be of great use to clinicians for disease management.

Critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) is essential in the evaluation of shock, respiratory failure, and to guide central venous access.^[1]Nurses also use ultrasound for nursing practice such as thrombosis screening, ultrasound-guided vascular puncture, feeding tube placement, and lung physical therapy.^[2]CCUS strengths are lack of radiation, portability, and low costs. Therefore, CCUS has considerable clinical use in critical care. However, the acquisition of ultrasound images is the basis of accurate evaluation, and the accuracy of ultrasound is related to operator skill level. Additionally, the application of CCUS in nursing care depends on nurses’ knowledge, and training. Although many clinical studies have been conducted on CCUS, there is little evidence on ultrasound training programs for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.^[3]In this study, we designed and implemented a novel CCUS training program for ICU nurses. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a short didactic training session on trainees’ CCUS knowledge and skills.

Multiloculated hydrocephalus (MLH) due to neurosurgical manipulation, hemorrhage, infection, or tumors is uncommon in adults and cannot be easily resolved by endoscopic fenestration or unilateral ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) and no consensus on surgical strategy for MLH has yet been reported. The goal of treatment is to restore communication between trapped ventricular compartments,^[1]and current treatment methods include microsurgical fenestration of separate entrapments by endoscopy or craniotomy, shunt surgery with multiple catheters placed in trapped compartments, or combinations of these modalities.^[2]The existing evidence seems to favor neuro-endoscopy as the first line of treatment over traditional shunt placement. However, due to individual anatomic complexity and CSF hydrodynamics, each MLH case must be evaluated individually. The decision on which treatment to apply is based on individual anatomy, underlying pathology, available techniques, and the experience of the treating surgeon. Therefore, no procedure proposed by the literature should be ruled outa priori.^[1]Y-shaped branched VPS has complementary advantages with endoscopic fenestration in treating complicated MLH and is still the treatment of choice for communicating hydrocephalus and after failure of endoscopic fenestration.

A hiatal hernia (HH) is usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). An HH can increase the incidence of GERD.^[1]The coexistence of these diseases increases the difficulty of treatment and can be challenging for endoscopic treatment. Therapeutic methods for small HHs (≤2 cm) combined with refractory GERD have recently been emerging. However, there are still knowledge gaps in the endoscopic treatment of large HHs (≥3 cm) combined with refractory GERD. We developed a new endoscopic method called hiatal hernia-endoscopic submucosal dissection (HH-ESD) and performed the present study to clarify the efficacy and safety of HH-ESD.

To the Editor:Since the outbreak in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >2.4 billion people worldwide, resulting in >4.9 million deaths. To understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been constructed in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients at different disease stages.^[1]These data showed typical interferon response and expansion of cytotoxic effector T cell subsets in moderate patients.^[1]After progression to severe type, plasmablasts and a noncanonical neutrophil subset were elevated in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.^[1]Conversely, patients in the recovery stage had increased plasma cells with novel B cell-receptor changes.^[2]

To the Editor:Hemorrhagic shock is a critical pathological process characterized by microcirculation dysfunction and hypoperfusion, with severe consequences of cell damage and organ dysfunction. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a critical link of distant organ injury caused by hemorrhagic shock. Prophylactic treatment with stellate ganglion block (SGB) significantly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced intestinal barrier damage.^[1]However, it is not clear whether SGB postprocessing can also reduce intestinal barrier damage after hemorrhagic shock, which is pivotal to expand the clinical application of SGB. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that occurs through intracellular lysosomes and plays a unique and essential role in maintaining cell homeostasis and survival. Previous studies have shown that the excessive activation of autophagy aggravates ischemic intestinal injury, whereas autophagy inhibition reduces intestinal mucosal barrier damage.^[2,3]Thus, the role of autophagy in SGB protection of the intestinal barrier is unclear. Therefore, we speculated that SGB postprocessing suppresses the intestinal barrier damage caused by hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting autophagy activation. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of SGB postprocessing on the survival rate, intestinal blood flow, intestinal tissue morphology, intestinal barrier function, and autophagy-related mechanisms in rats that underwent hemorrhagic shock.

To the Editor:Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) has a high incidence of acute cerebrovascular illness in elderly people in China, with high mortality and long-term functional impairment among survivors. However, there is still controversy over whether secondary infection during the course of hospitalization after ICH has a negative impact on long-term function. Aliet al^[1]illustrated that infection has nothing to do with the functional prognosis of patients 90 days after ICH. In contrast, Lordet al^[2]found a significant correlation between complicated infection after ICH and poor prognosis. Previous studies indicate that sepsis-associated encephalopathy is an independent risk factor for nosocomial coma after ICH,^[3,4]but clinical studies on the proportion and impact of sepsis on long-term outcomes after sICH are still lacking.

To the Editor:The morbidity of thoracic lesions is very high during the treatment of malignant hematological diseases, and tumor recurrence or invasion is common, in addition to infections. Percutaneous lung biopsy or bronchoscopy could result in severe hemoptysis, pneumothorax, or infection because of low platelets and hypoimmunity, and treatment is often ineffective due to the ambiguous diagnosis. Even when a patient is diagnosed with a fungal disease, it is difficult to eliminate the lesion with only antifungal medicine. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is an important surgical procedure for major and minor lung resection with adequate pain relief and sedation in a minimally invasive setup, allowing thoracic procedures under spontaneous breathing.^[1,2]We report here a series of cases to evaluate the feasibility and safety of VATS for making diagnoses by lung biopsy or pulmonary resections in the hematology department.

To the Editor:Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common malignancy in China.^[1]For many decades, the treatment options for GI cancers have been limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Over recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or its programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have demonstrated promising efficacies and changed the treatment landscape in GI cancer.^[2]However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can occur during ICI treatment. Furthermore, ICI-associated cardiotoxicity is a rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.

To the Editor:Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of primary myocardial disease with unknown etiology.^[1]It is a disorder of the heart muscle mainly characterized by left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction, resulting from the response of the myocardium to genetic and environmental insults. The clinical manifestations are progressive heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolism, and even sudden death. The morbidity and mortality of DCM have been steadily increasing, which has become one of the main causes of death in cardiomyopathy. DCM may involve the conduction system and is often associated with various types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF).^[2]AF can increase the risk of vascular embolism. Studies have shown that patients with AF have a five-fold increased incidence of stroke and a two-fold increased mortality. About 15%-20% of ischemic strokes are caused by AF. The hemodynamic changes and increased risk of thromboembolic events caused by AF in patients with DCM increase their disability rate and mortality. Therefore, early prediction and intervention of AF in patients with DCM can effectively improve the prognosis and quality of life. An accurate risk classification of AF in patients with DCM is very important to guide intervention. The nomogram is based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. It integrates multiple prediction indexes and visualizes the correlation among various variables for the outcome prediction in the form of a graph.^[3]In this study, we aimed to identify patients with DCM who are likely to develop AF by developing a nomogram.

To the Editor: Lung cancer continues to be the most common cause of tumor-related death globally. Screening by low-dose computed tomography (CT) has been proven to greatly reduce the mortality of lung cancer patients. Although the recommended screened population varies among different guidelines, elderly smokers are always the most important subjects. However, a substantial group of lung cancer patients has been found to be young without tobacco consumption.^[1]Non-smoking lung cancer was even considered to be an independent disease and the seventh leading cause of cancer mortality. From the conventional point of view, these young non-smokers are not at high risk of lung cancer and are generally excluded for screening or management.^[2]Whether the non-high-risk individuals should be given attention to is not clear.

To the Editor:Confronted with increasing infertility worldwide, this decade has witnessed a sharp rise in the utilization of artificial reproduction technology (ART).^[1]Nevertheless, the success rate ofin vitrofertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) depends on many factors. Moreover, patients receiving ART not only incur high expenses but also an increased risk of severe side effects, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, infection, and multiple pregnancies.^[2]Consequently, the accurate prediction of ART outcomes has attracted tremendous interest.

A typographical error introduced by the publisher during typesetting appeared in the article by Yang et al in the March 20, 2022 issue of the journal.^[1]