Volume 99  ·   Issue 01  ·  1986

We conducted an epidemiological survey on mental retardation (MR) among children below 14 years of age in Chang-qiao area, Beijing city. MR was defined in this study as subaverage intelligence with concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning. A multidisciplinary team was organized and trained. Data about the children and their families were collected in detail. MR cases were discovered through medical information, family interview and inquiring into clues, and by the developmental testing. A matched-control study (case: control=1:4) was also conducted. The investigation rate was 93.1%. Among the 7,150 examinees, 56 cases of MR were identified, a prevalence of 0.8%. By the severity of MR 35 cases (62.5%) were mild, 16 (28.6To) moderate and 5 (8.9%) severe. The etiological analysis showed biomedical factors in 34 cases (60.7%), of which 7 (12.5%) had hereditary diseases and 25 had brain damage due to various environmental factors (44.6%). In the 22 cases without abnormal clinical findings, psychosociocultural factors were found obviously in 11 (20.4%). 22 of the 35 mild cases of MR were presented without biomedical abnormalities, whereas all the moderate and severe cases were biomedically abnormal. The matched-control study showed that 17 factors were statistically different between propositae and controls, in which 12 were prenatal or perinatal in character, and 5 were postnatal factors. The results of this study pointed to the importance of early prevention and early management of MR. An outline for approaches to prevention of MR was suggested.

A case of pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma leukemia is reported. This case was confirmed by histology, cytochemistry, cell markers, ultrastructural studies, and anti-ATLA antibody tests. In our case, all findings, except the negative finding for anti-ATLA anti body, are identical with those of ATLL. So it is important to detect ATLA in the fresh and cultural leukemia/lymphoma cells of such anti-ATLA anti-body negative patients to elucidate the role of ATLA in the oncologenesis of ATLL.

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, a simple method of measuring urine PCO2, PO2 and pH is recommended. Second, the changes of urine gases in normal individuals after broad bean meal and patients with acute renal failure are measured by this method. The method is practicable as the results obtained are similar to those of the controls. The study was performed by oral test without substantial extracellular fluid volume expansion (i.e. under ordinary living conditions). It revealed that urine pH was usually increased to some extent after broad bean meal in normal persons, especially in the young and middle-aged. The urinary minus blood (U-B) PC02 gradient was elevated in about 90% of those with urine pH above 6.0. The amount of urine CO2 iS equivalent to that needed in sub-clinical metabolism. In addition, there was an in- verse correlation (r=-0.68) between urinary P02 and urinary PCO2. Factors affecting urinary PO2 were multiple. Urine gases are highly sensitive to acute renal failure and change with the variations in renal function during the entire course of the disease.

Three monoclonal antibodies (Hb3, Ab5, and Ad5) were produced with spleen cells from mice immunized against the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Hb3 reacted with 86%, while Ab3 and Ad5 with 40-60%, of the colon cancer tissues tested. Re-activity was also seen with the cancerous stomach, pancreas, lung, nasopharynx, breast and prostate, although in Hb3 the intensity of immunofluorescent staining of these tissues was not as great as of colon cancer tissues. None of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with normal colon samples so they were able to distinguish the normal from the cancerous colon tissues. Yet monoclonal antibodies did react with the normal duodenum, stomach, pancreas, lung, and kidney. The three antibodies can be differentiated from each other on the basis of their cell and tissue specificities and from the colon cancer reactive monoclonal antibody 19-9. Neuraminidase digestion of the tissue or cells had no effect on their reactivities.

In 24 patients with electrical burns of the skull, the necrotic skull was treated by a new approach, which includes the use of an adjacent scalp flap to be rotated forward over the necrotic skull. The pathological findings of the full-thickness necrosed skull before and after scalp flap coverage have supported the point that subsequent regeneration of the necrosed skull occurs under the protection of a scalp flap.

Suppurative cholangitis (SC) and bilirubin cholangiolithiasis (BC) are twin diseases of the same etiology and one of the most serious epidemic diseases in China. It seems that the biliary stasis and infection of enterogenous bacteria are two of the most important pathogenic factors in these diseases. This paper presents the successful production of the model of SC and BC by mimicking these two factors. The model is based on a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the experimental animal's hepatobiliary system and an appropriate design of the experimental operative procedures for making partial obstruction and bacterial contamination in a part of the biliary tree. In the anticipatory experiment typical pathological changes of suppurative cholangitis were displayed in all the involved hepatobiliary system of the survival rabbits, and bilirubin gallstones appeared in the gallbladders and the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts of more than 80% of the rabbits. In the repetitive all the survivals suffered from cholangitis and bilirubin gall-stones. In the comparative tests, the animals, that only had operative trauma, bacterial contamination or partial or complete obstruction in their biliary trees, did not demonstrate simultaneous pathological changes of SC and BC. In this paper, the current situation of the animal models of gallstone formation, the basis and essentials of making models, and the significance of the animal model are discussed.

In seven children with traumatic subdural hygroma, most of them showed increased intracranial pressure with focal neurologic deficits. The diagnosis of the disease was made by cerebral angiography, CT scan, ultrasonography, and diagnostic subdural tapping or craniotomy. We conclude that craniotomy or continuous drainage of hygroma should be dependent on the mature of hygroma and age of patients.

Bipedal rats were produced by clipping their forclimbs and tails within one week of birth. By using light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron micros cope (TEM), the articular cartilaginous layer of the superior circular portion of the femoral heads was examined at 3 and 6 months of age, and compared with that of the quadruped rats. In the normal controls, normal morphology of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone was seen in most of the femoral head specimens. In the bipedal rats, proliferation of the subchondral bone, thinning of the articular surface and pseudomucinous cyst formation in the cartilaginous matrix were seen. TEM and SEM observations demonstrated changes in accord with the findings of LM. Bipedal rats are animal models suitable for the study of medical agents which might retard or reverse cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.

For a long time, that cells susceptible to polio-virus infection are limited only to primates has been reported. We used the established muntiacus muntjak lung diploid cell line (KIZ-7901) to study the biological effects of poliovirus infection. Results showed that chromosome aberration rates of the cells infected with 100 TCD50 of the virus per cell were 9.0-14.7%, while that of the control cells was only 3%. Chromosome aberration types included break, fragment, dicentric chromosome, circular chromosome, interchange, translocation, deletion and chromosome lysis. The viris induced very significant sister chromatid exchange rates. No specific cytopathic effect was found after infection. The virus did not obviously inhibit the cell division and proliferation either. But the infectious virus particles or the virus antigenic substances were found in the infected cells by virus titration, inclusion bodies examination, indirect immunofluorescence technique and electron microscopic examination. It is clear that poliovirus could pro duce a strong cell genetic effect and lead to non-killing-cell infection in the non-primate cells.