2018年 · 第34卷第06期

Dystonia is the third leading movement disorder after Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. It has a high disability rate and can seriously affect the quality of life of patients^[1]。 Traditional dystonia is defined as: a syndrome of twisting, repetitive movements, or postural abnormalities caused by involuntary, persistent muscle contractions^[2]。 In recent years, with the deepening of academic understanding of diseases, the definition of dystonia has been updated as: a kind of dyskinesia disease with abnormal repetitive movement and/or abnormal posture caused by involuntary intermittent or persistent muscle contraction; Abnormal repetitive movement and abnormal posture are distorted and patterned, which can be combined with tremor; Voluntary movements can induce or aggravate involuntary movements and abnormal posture, accompanied by activation of "overflow" muscles. Dystonia, as a form of involuntary movement, can also be accompanied by the following characteristics: involuntary movement, action specificity, relief techniques or strategies (sensory tricks or gestes antagonistes), mirror dystonia, zero, overflow or generalization, dystonic tremor. The formulation of its treatment strategy is mainly based on etiological classification and clinical characteristics^[3]。

Cerebral hemorrhage is a common type of stroke^[1,2]。 Surgical methods to remove intracranial hematoma include: craniotomy hematoma evacuation, neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation, puncture hematoma aspiration and ventricular puncture external drainage^[3,4,5]。 At present, neuroendoscope has been widely used in the field of neurosurgery because of its visual, simple and minimally invasive characteristics. However, the learning curve of neuroendoscopic surgery is longer than that of traditional microsurgery. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out neuroendoscopic surgical training^[6,7,8,9]。 In this study, the skull model was designed and manufactured by 3D printing technology, and the intracranial hematoma model was prepared by filling with mixed agar and fresh pig blood clot. The model was used to simulate endoscopic and extraendoscopic intracranial hematoma evacuation, and surgical training was carried out for the trainees to test the practicability and simulation degree of the model.

Firearm-induced craniocerebral injury is more common in war period. In China, due to the strict management of firearms, it rarely occurs in peacetime. Once it occurs, its disability rate and death rate are higher^[1]。 In June 2017, a patient with craniocerebral blind tube injury caused by air gun was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The diagnosis and treatment experience is reported as follows.

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the cranium, accounting for more than half of all primary tumors in the cranium. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies gliomas as grades I to IV. Among them, grade I and II are low-grade glioma, and grade III and IV are high-grade glioma. The standard treatment of glioma is a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy^[1]。 In recent years, the great progress made in glioma surgery is closely related to the development of various adjuvant surgical techniques, one of which is the research and clinical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). 5-ALA is a substance ubiquitous in human body, and its fluorescence activity was only discovered in the 1960s. In this paper, the fluorescence characteristics of 5-ALA and its research progress in glioma resection are reviewed.

With the development of emergency and critical care technology, the survival rate of craniocerebral injury and severe ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy has been greatly improved, and more and more patients have turned from severe coma to disorders of consciousness (DOC)^[1]。 There are more than 100,000 new DOC patients in my country every year, and the annual medical expenditure reaches 30-50 billion yuan, which brings increasingly prominent social, economic and ethical problems.