2014年 · 第48卷第09期

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide. At present, it has become an important public health issue of global concern. It is one of the major malignant tumors that seriously threatens women's life and health and consumes huge health resources. It has the characteristics of high prevalence, high mortality, high medical and health expenditure and low awareness rate. Nearly 60% of new breast cancer patients occur in developed countries^[1,2]。 It is predicted that there will be about 230,000 new breast cancer patients in the United States in 2013, accounting for 29% of the total number of female malignant tumors, ranking first; About 39,000 people died, accounting for about 14% of malignant tumors, ranking second after lung cancer^[1,2]。 Compared with European and American countries, Chinese breast cancer patients show a younger trend. The survey shows that the median age of female breast cancer patients in China is 48 years old, about 10 years earlier than that in western countries^[3]。 Therefore, improving the standardized diagnosis and treatment level of breast cancer is an important issue related to people's health.

Mammography is an important imaging method for detecting breast diseases^{[1,2,3,4,5,6]}。 In addition to the basic and clinical knowledge of breast medicine, mammography diagnosis requires physicians to be familiar with mammography reading procedures, specific terminology and reporting specifications. In order to make relevant domestic personnel familiar with and master the technical points, diagnostic procedures and quality control principles, experts from the mammary group of the Radiological Society of Chinese Medical Association reached the following consensus after several discussions.

Ultrasound medical imaging technology has been widely used in screening, diagnosis and guided puncture of breast diseases. The advantage of breast ultrasonography is that it can show the sectional anatomical structure of breast fibroglandular tissue, thus finding the changes of local structure and morphology of the tissue. Therefore, breast ultrasound is mainly used in the detection, diagnosis and differentiation of breast space-occupying diseases^[1,2,3]。 However, the detection rate of ultrasound for microcalcification is low and the accuracy is not high. For early lesions and lesions lacking gross morphological changes, missed diagnosis may occur. In order to standardize the application of breast ultrasonography^[4]After several discussions, the Ultrasound Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized experts to reach the following consensus.

Breast MRI screening for breast cancer in high-risk populations includes detection of breast cancer in dense breast^[1,2,3,4]Differentiation of benign and malignant lesions^[1,5,6]Preoperative evaluation of breast cancer patients^[7,8,9,10]Diagnosis of occult breast cancer (with axillary lymph node metastasis)^[11]Efficacy monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer^[12]And other aspects have important value. Breast MRI can detect small breast cancer and early breast cancer that cannot be detected by mammography, ultrasound and physical examination. Its disadvantages are that the examination time is long, the injection of contrast agent is required, the display of calcification is not as good as mammography, and the cost is high.