2017年 · 第51卷第06期

Male, 14 years old, was seen on 28 December 2013 due to headache and vomiting for 6 d. Specialist examination showed no abnormalities.

ChildFemale, 5 years old, was seen on August 6, 2015 due to repeated headache for 1 month and aggravated for 10 days. CT examination of the head showed that the right forehead occupied mass.

Female, 64 years old. One month ago, there was no obvious trigger for abdominal distension, frequent urination and left lower abdominal pain, which was mild and intermittent, and the lower abdominal pain worsened in the past 2 weeks. Physical examination showed no obvious abnormalities.

Male, 53 years old. See the doctor for 3 h due to blood in the stool. The patient was treated with supercompliant intestinal stent for descending duodenal obstruction caused by pancreatic cancer 3 months ago, and recovered well after operation. Emergency CT examination after admission showed a diameter of the abdominal aorta of 12 mm, stent close to the abdominal aorta, and suspected pseudoaneurysm at this site (Figure 1，Figure 2), clinically considering the diagnosis of abdominal aorto-duodenal fistula. An abdominal aortometry was performed, and a pseudoaneurysm was found in the stent proximate to the abdominal aorta (Figure 3), with a definite diagnosis of abdominal aorto-duodenal fistula. A 16 mm ×55 mm stent from Cook Company of the United States was implanted at the lesion site, and the pseudoaneurysm disappeared by angiography after stent implantation (Figure 4）。 The patient recovered well after surgery, the blood in the stool disappeared, and there was no blood in the stool after 3 months of follow-up.

ChildFemale, 6 years old. Four months ago, the child developed claudication of the left lower limb without trigger, and the middle of the left foot was bulged with pain. The child had no history of trauma and no fever. Physical examination: Local bulge on the lateral side of the middle part of the dorsum of the left foot, accompanied by tenderness, and limited walking activities; The skin color and temperature were normal, without fluctuating sensation and superficial venous distension. Laboratory tests of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were in the normal range.

rapidly destructive hip disease (RDHD) is a kind of hip joint disease that causes rapid and progressive destruction of hip joint with unknown reason, excluding clear factors that can cause hip joint destruction. We have recently diagnosed 2 cases in clinic, and their characteristics and differential diagnosis are analyzed as follows.

According to the World Health Organization, about 6 million people die every year from smoking-related diseases, and although the dangers of tobacco have long been widely recognized, 21 percent of the world's population still smoke^[1]。 Nicotine is the main addictive component in tobacco, which causes smoking addiction and relapse. Even under the intervention of the first-line drug-varenicline, only 3% to 5% of quitters can maintain withdrawal for one year^[2]。 Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of nicotine addiction can help discover new therapeutic targets and improve smoking cessation success.

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease that causes urinary disorders in middle-aged and elderly men, mainly occurring in the transitional zone of prostate. Hyperplastic glands convex towards the posterior urethra, making the urethra elongate, bend, and narrow under pressure, causing symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction such as bladder outlet obstruction and dysuria (lower urinary tract symptoms, LUTS). The prevalence of males over 50 years old exceeds 50% and over 80 years old reaches 90%^[1]。 In severe cases, it can lead to urinary retention, repeated hematuria and urinary tract infection, and even obstructive renal failure, which seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly men. The traditional treatment methods of BPH mainly include conservative treatment (drug treatment and follow-up observation), surgical treatment and percutaneous puncture minimally invasive treatment, etc. Drug treatment is suitable for patients with LUTS with moderate symptoms, but the treatment takes a long time, requires continuous medication, and has certain adverse drug reactions^[2]； Surgical treatment and percutaneous minimally invasive treatment also have their own limitations. Superselective prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a relatively new treatment method, which has been used as an alternative method in Europe for patients with BPH without surgical indication or high risk of surgery. Its advantages lie in less trauma, no need for general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, repeatable treatment, no influence on other treatments, and no adverse reactions and complications of traditional treatment methods (such as postoperative bleeding, urinary fistula, retrograde ejaculation and other sexual dysfunction problems). The author summarizes the research progress of PAE.