2016年 · 第50卷第03期

The kidney is an important organ to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment of the body. Its main function is to filter the formation of urine and excrete metabolic waste, and maintain the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the body. In addition, the kidney has an endocrine function by producing renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃etc. are involved in the regulation of blood pressure, erythropoiesis, and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Kidney disease can cause different degrees of renal function damage, affecting the above-mentioned normal functions. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to evaluate the disease severity, guide clinical treatment and judge prognosis by monitoring the changes of renal function.

Ischial tuberculosis is clinically rare, and it is extremely rare in low altitude areas. It is difficult to diagnose routine radiography, especially early ischial tuberculosis is more likely to be misdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. CT can clearly show the anatomical structure of ischial bone and the surrounding soft tissue structure, MPR recombination technique and three-dimensional imaging can show rich subtle anatomical structure and small lesions, which provides an effective imaging method for diagnosing ischial tuberculosis. The author collected and analyzed the multi-slice spiral CT image data of 9 cases of ischial tuberculosis diagnosed by clinical surgery and pathology from 2009 to 2013 as follows.

Male, 57 years old. He was seen on April 5, 2015 due to cough for 1 month. One month ago, the patient developed paroxysmal cough without obvious trigger, accompanied by a small amount of white phlegm, which was not easy to cough up, and felt chest tightness and wheezing during the attack. Physical examination: bilateral respiratory movement was normal, and voice tremor was not abnormal; Percussion of both lungs showed soft sounds, auscultation of both lungs showed low breathing sounds, and no dry and wet rales were heard.

Case 1: A 48-year-old female was admitted to the hospital on 26 February 2015 due to double vision with walking instability for 8 months. Eight months before admission, the patient had double vision, intermittent headache and dizziness without obvious trigger, which were relieved in semi-recumbent position, aggravated in lying down, accompanied by unstable walking and nausea. The symptoms could be relieved after taking "cold medicine" by yourself. Specialist examination: the corner of the mouth is skewed to the right, the right head lines disappear and the cheeks cannot be bulged, the neck is rigid, the eye movement is uncoordinated, and the walking is unstable.

Male, 29 years old. Due to repeated dizziness and headache for more than half a year, I came to our hospital in February 2015, and performed chest CT examination, which found "space in the lungs" and was admitted to the hospital. Since the onset of the disease, the patient has no cough or expectoration; No chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain; No drinking water choking cough, hoarseness; There was no progressive weight loss, low fever in the afternoon, etc. The patient had a history of hypertension. Laboratory tests were all negative.

The traditional DWI imaging technique assumes that the restricted diffusion of water molecules in tissue conforms to the free diffusion characteristic, so a single b value can be used for DWI imaging, and the diffusion coefficient obtained is ADC value. However, traditional DWI techniques do not distinguish between different transport modes of water molecules within tissues. intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) compensates for the shortcomings of traditional DWI^[1], can more accurately describe the characteristics of different tissues, especially in tissues with complex water molecular dynamics. The advantages of IVIM over traditional DWI are more prominent^[2,3,4,5,6]。 The kidney is an important excretory organ. Water and ions are constantly transported between renal tubules, interstitium and blood vessels, and the molecular movement of kidney tissue is complicated. In addition, the renal blood vessel volume fraction is 25% ~40%, and the renal blood flow per minute is equivalent to about 1/4 of the cardiac output. It is the organ with the most abundant blood supply^[7]The characteristics of high blood perfusion and high water molecule metabolism in the kidney make the IVIM effect especially significant in the kidney. The author reviews the principle of IVIM and its application progress in renal diseases.

Founded in 1994, the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) is the largest and most influential medical MR Society in the world. The 23rd ISMRM Annual Conference was held in Toronto, Canada from May 30 to June 5, 2015. The conference was attended by more than 6,000 researchers from more than 70 countries around the world, and included a total of 1,074 oral presentations, 1,803 traditional posters and 1,852 electronic posters, covering the basic and clinical research of MR in medicine, physics and biology. Among the studies from China, one study from Southern Medical University and the University of Hong Kong each won the "Summa Cum Laude" Outstanding Paper Award of this conference, and 13 studies from many domestic institutions won the "Manga Cum Laude" Outstanding Paper Award of this conference.

The author read Chen Yu and so on with great interest^[1]Published in this journal, Volume 49, Issue 8, 2015, the article "Selection of interventional therapy methods and observation of curative effect of neonatal Carme-Mae syndrome (KMS)". I appreciate the team's hard work in the interventional treatment of neonatal KMS. KMS is a very rare and very dangerous infant disease, and the mortality rate is as high as 20% ~30% in most literatures. With the rapid development of pediatric interventional technology in China, the position of interventional therapy in the treatment of KMS has been paid more and more attention. The authors analyzed 12 cases of neonatal KMS and used different interventional therapy methods, and achieved good results, which are worthy of praise. However, some clinical details warrant further discussion.