2015年 · 第35卷第08期

The human eye lens contains 66% of water and 33% of protein. It is the organ with the highest protein content in the body, which is twice that of ordinary tissues. It is one of the most sensitive tissues to ionizing radiation^[1,2]。 Recent epidemiological studies have found that long-term low-dose ionizing radiation exposure can lead to an increased risk of ocular lens opacity. In order to protect the health of radiation workers, guide the radiation workers to protect themselves, and provide scientific basis for formulating policies and measures, this study conducted a special investigation on the ocular lens opacity of radiation workers in Sichuan, Henan, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shandong provinces. The results are reported below.

Individual dose monitoring of radiation workers is an important means of radiation health protection. It is of great significance for radiation workers' protection status, evaluation of protection effect and improvement of protection level, and has important reference value for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of radiation disease. The results of personal dose monitoring of radiation workers in Nanjing from 2011 to 2013 are reported as follows.

With the wide application of nuclear and radiation technology in various fields of national economy, radiation diagnosis and treatment and nuclear energy technology have been developed rapidly, and the number of radiation workers in China is increasing continuously. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 300,000 radiological workers in China, distributed in nearly 60,000 radiological work units, of which 223,000 are distributed in 53,000 radiological diagnosis and treatment units^[1]。 Since radiation workers are exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation at work, there is a certain risk of radiation damage, so it is necessary to monitor the individual dose of radiation workers. Individual dose monitoring can be used to evaluate and improve existing work, reduce unnecessary exposure, and the monitoring results are also one of the important bases for occupational disease diagnosis. In recent years, Yantai has made efforts to improve the quality of personal dose monitoring of radiologists, and at the same time further improved the coverage of monitoring. The results of the investigation and analysis of personal dose level of radiation workers in Yantai in 2014 are reported as follows.

The widespread application of digital radiography (DR) equipment in medical imaging brings great convenience to clinical radiologists, and can greatly improve the diagnostic efficiency. It has a tendency to gradually replace traditional X-ray photography^[1]。 Compared with traditional X-ray photography, DR can effectively reduce the radiation dose of subjects on the basis of ensuring image quality^[2]。 However, DR equipment for automatic conditioning photography and DR equipment for manually selecting photography conditions by staff are affected by many factors, which may lead to different entrance surface dose (ESD) of subjects. In order to understand the influence of different exposure patterns on the ESD of subjects, this study investigated and analyzed the ESD of subjects with DR.

Radioactive materials can have adverse effects on the environment in which human beings live and the health of those who do not take shielding measures. Therefore, the methods and ways of disposing of surplus radioactive materials have been a hot topic of social concern. At the end of February 2010, the Department of Chemistry of the University of Delhi, India, violated the international and domestic regulations on the disposal of radioactive wastes by not returning decommissioned and long-standing unused radioactive sources to the original manufacturer (original supplier) of the radioactive sources or delivering them to a unit with a license (qualification) for the disposal of radioactive materials recognized by the government administration, and used the university's laboratory for experimental analysis of the effects of gamma rays on chemical substances⁶⁰The Co irradiation device was sold to a scrap shop in Mayapuri, New Delhi, with a non-radioactive material handling permit (qualification). To be acquired by a scrap purchaser (hereinafter referred to as the purchaser)⁶⁰The Co irradiation device is stored in the waste shop, and the lead shield is removed, and one of the lead shield is removed⁶⁰Co source rods are mechanically cut. This resulted in the acquirer and seven other workers working daily on⁶⁰The radiation field of CO γ radiation source worked for 12~14 h, and all of them suffered from acute radiation sickness after external irradiation. This accident caused one death and seven suffered from acute radiation sickness^[1]。

Smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer has been clearly confirmed after years of investigation^[1,2]Therefore, when studying lung cancer caused by external irradiation of individuals, the smoking status of individuals is a problem that must be considered. Although the effect of smoking on lung cancer is specific for each individual, a relatively objective result can be obtained through large-scale epidemiological investigation and scientific model calculation. After years of research, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has given the now common smoking-related correction factor [W(s) also known as smoking weight factor]^[3]。